Abelmoschus moschatus

Stomach disorders,hysteria and as an aphrodisiac (seed); venereal diseases and sexual disorders (in men).The roots, seeds, and sometimes leaves, are used in traditional Indian medicines for a variety of illnesses including intestinal complaints, constipation, dyspepsia, and gonorrhea (Oudhia, 2001a).Roots and leaves are cures for gonorrhea (Agharkar 1991). Even use against venomous reptiles has been reported (Lindley 1985). The poultice of leaves and roots are used for boils, cystitis, fever, headache, rheumatism and vericose vein.

Acacia nilotica

In asthma (gum, bark and leaf); ophthalmia (and other eye problems) and “sexual weakness” (leaf decoction); diabetes, dysentery and diarrhea, bronchitis and skin maladies (bark); headache, urinary problems, sore throat and gonorrhea (leaf); as a toothbrush; Tender growing tops rubbed into a paste with sugar and water act as demulcent in coughs.

Acacia pennata

In fever, headache and other body aches (leaf decoction); indigestion in infants (leaf juice mixed with milk); for treatment of bronchitis, asthma and for stomach complaints (bark); cholera treatment, digestive complaints, relief of headache, body pain, snake bites, and even to cure fish poisoning (boiled tender leaves); for flatulence and to cure stomach pain (root).

Acorus calamus

Asthma, bronchitis, for burns, cancer, catarrh, colds, cough, sore throat, colic, constipation, diarrhea, dysentery, indigestion, epilepsy, fever, flatulence, gangrene poisoning, headache, hemorrhages, nerve problems, odontosis and in parturition.

Actaea cimicifuga

Lowers fevers and reduces pain (plant); in the treatment of rheumatic complaints, coughs, colds, headaches, gum inflammation and feverish infections such as measles (root)

Actaea dahurica

In the treatment of coughs, colds, headaches, gum inflammation and feverish infections such as measles (root)

Adiantum capillus-veneris

To calm coughs, to promote perspiration and menstruation, and to treat urinary disorders, colds, rheumatism, heartburn, gallstones, alopecia (hair loss), and sour stomach (plant); applied to the forehead to relieve headaches and to the chest to relieve chest pains (frond paste)

Adiantum venustum

In the treatment of headaches and scorpion stings (fronds); to treat cuts and wounds (rhizome)

Aerva lanata

In strangury (root); as a snakebite antidote (plant), to cure headache (roots and flowers); for removing kidney stones and gonorrhea, as a poultice for minor skin inflamations (root decoction) .

Agastache rugosa

To improve the appetite and strengthen the digestive system, relieve symptoms such as abdominal bloating, indigestion, nausea and vomiting (leaves and stem); chest congestion, diarrhoea and headaches, in the treatment of angina pains (leaves); for cancer (plant).

Alhagi pseudalhagi

Rheumatism (oil); for swellings and abscesses (root decoction); for fever (leaves); as a blood coagulant (flowers); for chest pain and headache (leaf infusion)

Alnus rubra

In the treatment of many complaints such as headaches, rheumatic pains, internal injuries, diarrhoea, to eczema, sores and aches (bark); for diarrhoea (catkins and young cones)

Amaranthus blitum

In the treatment of ulcerated mouths and throats, externally as a wash for ulcers and sores, for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, haemorrhage, anaemia or kidney complaints (plant); to relieve headaches (root juice); to treat inflammations, boils and abscesses (leaves)

Anemone canadensis

To treat pain in the lumbar region, as an eye wash to treat crossed eyes, twitches and eye poisoning, for headaches and dizziness, to clear the throat (root); to wounds, nosebleeds and sores and as a wash for eye sores (roots and leaves).

Anemone pulsatilla

In disorders of the mucous membrane, of the respiratory and of the digestive passages, for catarrhal affection of the eyes, as well as for catarrhal diarrhoea, in the relief of headaches and neuralgia, and as a remedy for nerve exhaustion in women, relieves the frontal headache from nasal catarrh, nervous headache, particularly when due to gastric disturbances, with greasy taste, menstrual headache, with chilliness and suppressed menses, bilious and gastric headaches, of a dull and heavy character, with greasy taste and nausea, and headaches due to uterine irregularities or to a rheumatic diathesis

Angelica anomala

To regulate menstrual cycle and decreases menstrual pain (root); in the treatment of colds and headaches, coryza, leucorrhoea, boils and abscesses (plant).

Angelica pubescens

To promote menstruation, to treat arthritis, rheumatism, headache, toothache and abscesses.

Anisochilus carnosus

As an expectorant (oil from plant) and in headaches (leaf); used to relieve urticaria associated with liver disorders and other allergic manifestations, for cough and cold (fresh leaves juice).

Antidesma ghaesembilla

Used as a drink to treat diarrhea, to promote menses, to recover from childbirth, and to invigorate (decoction of the bark); applied externally to relieve headache, skin diseases and abdominal swelling, to promote healing of wounds and as a water bath to reduce fever (leaves).

Arctostaphylos manzanita

To sores and headaches, severe colds and diarrhoea, for stomach ache and cramps (leaves); stomach complaints and as an appetizer to create appetite (fruit)

Artemisia capillaris

For liver problems, being specifically helpful in treating hepatitis with jaundice, strengthening effect upon the liver, gallbladder and digestive system (herb); in the treatment of jaundice, hepatitis, gallstones and feverish illnesses, for treating headaches.

Asarum europaeum

To headache and weak eyes (leaves); to remove mucous from the respiratory passages, as antidotes to the bite of venomous snakes (herb); in the treatment of affections of the brain, eyes, throat and mouth (root, leaves, stem); in the treatment of digestive tract lesions, silicosis, dry pharyngeal and laryngeal catarrh etc (essential oil)

Asclepias curassavica

In piles, gonorrhoea and ringworm (root); in chronic stomach ulcers; haemorrhages and gonorrhoea (leaf juice); for headache (flowers)

Balsamorhiza hookeri

For stomach problems, bladder difficulties, menstrual irregularities and other female complaints (root); used in the treatment of stomach pains and colds and as a steam bath for treating headaches (decoction of the leaves, roots and stems)

Balsamorhiza sagittata

For stomach pains, colds, whooping cough, TB, fevers and headaches (leaves, root and stem); to treat sore mouths and throats, toothaches, for body aches such as rheumatism, on wounds, blisters, bites, swellings and sores (root); for dysentery (seeds)

Barringtonia acutangula

On glandular swellings and boils (root); toothache, diarrhoea and dysentery (leaf); dropsy (bark), to treat biliousness, diseases of the blood, bronchitis, sore eyes, headache and hallucinations, to treat gingivitis and for healing wounds (fruits).

Begonia picta

As a remedy for colic and dysentery; to relieve headaches (plant juice); as an eye wash to treat conjunctivitis (root juice)

Beta vulgaris

Blood plasma substitute (pulp); provides vitamin A source (plant); to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, for the headache and swimmings therein and all affections of the brain, to help tumors, leukemia and other forms of cancer, e.g. cancer of the breast, esophagus, glands, head, intestines, leg, lip, lung, prostate, rectum, spleen, stomach, and uterus (juice); for tumors of the intestines (seeds)

Blepharis persica

Impotency and rheumatism (plant); headache (leaf paste); in wounds, ulcers, nasal haemorrhage, asthma, throat inflammation, ascites, and disorders of liver and spleen, and as a purgative (leaves).

Blighia sapida

To alleviate headaches, to the skin to heal ulcers, in ophthalmia and conjunctivitis (leaves); for epilepsy, yellow fever, breast cancer, cold, testicle cancer, small pox, tumour and vomiting.

Blumea balsamifera

Diarrhea, cholera and body swellings due to beri-beri and rheumatism (leaf); angina, chest troubles, headache, dropsy and hypertension and as a tranquilizer (leaf extract).

Boenninghausenia albiflora

To cuts and wounds (leaves), crushed leaves are placed in the nostrils in the treatment of malaria, to relieve headaches.

Brassica juncea

Folk remedy for arthritis, foot ache, lumbago, and rheumatism. Tumours, abscesses, colds, lumbago, rheumatism, and stomach disorders (seed); skin eruptions and ulcers (mustard oil); for headache (leaves).

Brassica nigra

For indurations of the liver and spleen, carcinoma, throat tumors, imposthumes (seed decoction); relieves congestion by drawing the blood to the surface as in head afflictions, neuralgia and spasms, for treating alopecia, epilepsy, snakebite, and toothache (seed);

Capparis tomentosa

To cure madness, snakebite, headache, impotence, sterility in women (plant); for asthma (leaf); for chest pains (bark)

Carum carvi

Stomach problems, bronchitis, to increase the production of breast milk in nursing mothers (seed); rheumatism and lumbago (seed vapor); in cancer, cholera, abscesses, flatulence, halitosis, headache and as an emmenagogue; "Caraway water" is used as a veh.

Castanopsis indica

Headache (leaf paste); Lowers blood pressure (50% EtOH stem bark extract).

Centella asiatica

For healing wounds (plant extract); in tuberculosis and leprosy (plant decoction); improves intellectual capacity, concentration and memory of children, in skin diseases, asthma, bronchitis, gastric problems, leucorrhea, catarrh, as an antidote in cholera; on boils and tumours (plant paste); to cure severe headache, to prevent and cure urinary tract infections and the growth of kidney stones (leaf juice).

Cichorium intybus

Vomiting (related to biliousness), headache, asthma and as a brain tonic (seed); enlarged liver, jaundice, gout and rheumatism (root decoction); kidney stones (plant decoction); in cancer, fever, sclerosis (spleen), skin maladies, abdominal pain, inflamma.

Cimicifuga foetida

In the treatment of rheumatic complaints, coughs, colds, headaches, gum diseases and feverish infections such as measles (root)

Citrus medica

In kidney stones, vomiting, as a laxative and anthelmintic (root); as a tonic and stimulant (fruit), to treat tastelessness due to fever, intrinsic haemorrhage, anaemia, jaundice, hiccough, asthma, vomiting, pain in cardiac region, colic, pox, calculus and gravels, dental caries, for easy delivery, foul smell in flatus, erysipelas, headache, anorexia during pregnancy and earache.

Clerodendrum serratum

Asthma, dyspepsia, anorexia, flatulence, helminthiasis, tubercular glands, leucoderma (root) and bronchitis (root and plant decoction). Leaves as external application for cephalagia and opthalmia.

Coriandrum sativum

Intenstinal problems (such as indigestion and vomitting) (seed infusion); rheumatism, neuralgia, hemorrhoids (when bleeding). headache and eye infections. It settles spasms in the gut and counters the effects of nervous tension. Externally the seeds have been used as a lotion or have been bruised and used as a poultice to treat rheumatic pains.

Crateva religiosa

Used to promote digestion, to relieve headache, stomachache, and dysentery and also applied externally for earache (leaves); to empty the bowels (liquid from the bark).

Cymbopogon citratus

Colds, cough, as a depurative agent, indigestion, elephantiasis, fever, headache, hypertension, leprosy, malaria, mouth sores, neuritis, painful menstruation, pneumonia, rheumatism, ringworm, sprains, toothache, gingivitis, pyorrhea, for cleaning teeth. A fomentation of leaves is good for immediate relief of colds. It makes human bodies healthy, with its carminative and anticholeric properties. Chinese use the grass to treat colds, headache, intestinal problems, eczema and reduce high blood pressure.

Datura stramonium

For boils and testicle enlargement (leaf); relieving pain and headaches (roasted leaves); earache (flower); asthma (inhalation of burning leaves) and other pulmonary and respiratory ailments (such as pneumonia, cough and severe chest colds); used internally in the treatment of asthma and Parkinson's disease, excess causes giddiness, dry mouth, hallucinations and coma (plant); externally, as a poultice or wash in the treatment of fistulas, abscesses wounds and severe neuralgia (plant).

Elaeocarpus sphaericus

Its fruits are considered as sour, thermogenic, appetizer and sedative which are useful in coughs, neuralgia, bronchitis, cephalalgia, anorexia, manic conditions, stimulating the heart and brain conditions. Its fruit-stones are considered sweet, cooling emollient, cerebral sedative, expectorant, liver tonic and febrifuge and are used in epileptic fits, manic conditions, melancholia, mental disorders, convulsions, insomnia, cephalalgia, hepatopathy, hypertension, bronchitis and fever.

Elsholtzia ciliata

To relieve the effects of excess alcohol, in the treatment of common colds, fevers, headaches, diarrhoea, oedema and oliguria.

Emblica officinalis

To treat fever, lack of appetite, piles, worms, anaemia, jaundice, intrinsic haemorrhage, hoarseness of voice, hiccough, cough, fainting, heart diseases, vomiting, burning sensation, abdominal pain, gastritis, dyspepsia, obesity, leprosy, rheumatism, erysipelas, chicken-pox, greying of hair, hair loss, diabetes, suppression of urine, leucorrhoea, burning sensation in female genitals, amenorrhea, eye diseases, for promoting intellect and to improve memory, as rejuvenative, and aphrodisiac (promotes spermatogenesis and in premature ejaculation) (fruit and seed). Local systems of medicine employ it for fever, indigestion, bronchitis, asthma, constipation, headache, liver complaint, diabetes, dysentery, ophthalmic disorders, nerve tonic, cholera, diarrhoea, nasal haemorrhage, cystitis, oedema and leucorrhoea.It has expectorant, antioxidant, anticancerous properties.

Emilia sonchifolia

Problems with the bowel, to treat infantile tympanites, to relieve cuts and wounds, breast abcesses (plant); to relieve sore ears, headache, night blindness and eye inflammations (leaf); to treat diarrhoea, cataracts and redness of the eyes (root).

Ephedra gerardiana

Asthma problems with allergies and bronchitis (plant); rheumatism, urinary maladies and headaches; for controlling asthmatic attack (liquid extract)

Euphorbia hirta

In dysentery (latex), asthma, bronchitis, bruises, catarrh, colic, conjunctivitis, cough, as a depurifying agent, dermatosis, rashes, abnormal growths, fever, flu, fractures (veterinary), gonorrhea, headache, hypertension, indigestion, itching and measles.

Euphorbia resinifera

For bronchosis, cancer, catarrh, conjunctivosis, constipation, dermatosis, diarrhea, dropsy, dysmenorrhea, epistaxis, gout, headache, otosis, plantar wart, respirosis, sore, ulcer.

Glycine max

In the treatment of colds, fevers and headaches, insomnia, irritability and a stuffy sensation in the chest; to snakebite (bruised leaf); blindness and opacity of the cornea (flowers); oedema, dysuria, chest fullness, decreased perspiration, the initial stages of flu and arthralgia (sprouts)

Gmelina arborea

In rheumatism and stomach problems (root decoction); gonorrhea and as an anthelmintic (leaf juice); for cough (root decoction and leaf juice); making prosthetics (wood); increasing the secretion of gastric juices and as a tonic (bark); in fever (root decoction); for headache, anasarca, asthma, bronchitis, cholera, colic pain, diarrhoea, dropsy, dyspepsia, epilepsy, fever, phthisis, rheumatism, small pox, sore, spleen complaints, syphilis, throat swelling, urticaria, fever, urinary complaints, urticaria, consumption, wounds and leucorrhoea (herb).

Hedeoma pulegioides

In the treatment of digestive disorders, colds, whooping cough, painful menstruation and as an aid in childbirth, for sprains, rheumatism, allergy, burn, conjunctivosis, cramps, dysentery, fever, gout, headache, hepatosis, leukorrhea, pertussis, pharyngosis, pneumonia.

Hypericum perforatum

As an antidepressant, in mania, apathy, hypersomnia, and insomnia, anorexia, psychomotor retardation, depression feelings of worthlessness, anxiety disorders and aids in healing wounds and ulcers (for nervous disorders. the drug may take as long as a month before any effects are noticed). It is also used for menopausal changes triggering irritability and anxiety. In addition to neuralgic pain, it will ease fibrositis, sciatica and rheumatic pain.

Externally it is a healing and anti-inflammatory remedy. As a lotion it will speed the healing of wounds and bruises, varicose veins and mild burns. The oil is especially useful for the healing of sunburn. It has the calming properties, useful in treating bedwetting, insomnia, and other nervous conditions, as well as some form of melancholy. An oil extract of the herb can be taken for stomach ache, colic, intestinal problems, and as an expectorant for the congestion in the lungs. A tea made from the flowers is good for anemia, headache, insomnia, jaundice, chest congestion, and catarrh. A tea made from the herb has been used for uterine cramping and menstrual difficulties. The oil extract also make a good external application for burns, wounds, sores, bruises, and other skin problems.

Hyptis suaveolens

Used in catarrhal conditions, affections of the uterus and parasitical cutaneous diseases, for headache and as snuff to stop bleeding of the nose; colic and stomachaches (leaf juice)

Juglans nigra

In the treatment of skin diseases, scrofulous diseases, herpes, eczema etc; diarrhoea and also to stop the production of milk, to allay the pain of toothache, headache (bark); for ringworm, colic and applied as a poultice to inflammations (husk); in the treatment of gangrene, leprosy, and wounds (oil from ripe seeds)

Lagenaria siceraria

To treat headaches, aching teeth and gums, boils etc. It is also used for the treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Lavandula stoechas

For wounds, ulcers, sores etc and as a relaxing oil for massage (essential oil); used in teas to soothe headaches and relax the nerves.

Lawsonia inermis

As an emmenagogue, in aching joints, bee stings, boils, burns, candida, condyloma, dermatosis, fever, headache, herpes, hoarseness, hysteria, jaundice, leucorrhea, myalgia, ophthalmia, parturition, spermatorrhea rheumatism, skin irritation, sores, stomach. The leaves and seeds are used in the form of juice, decoction and powder to treat consumption, diabetes and intrinsic haemorrhage. Paste of the leaves are applied externally in case of skin diseases, fungal infections, cracks on feet. It is employed both internally and locally in jaundice, leprosy, smallpox, and affections of the skin. The fruit has emmenagogue properties. The bark is useful in treating jaundice and enlargement of spleen, calculous affection, as alterative and in skin diseases and leprosy. The leaves are useful in menorrhagia, leucorrhoea and are also applied externally in headache. A decoction of leaves are used as an astringent. The leaf juice mixed with water and sugar is given in spermatorrhoea. The leaves are prophylactic against skin diseases. It is also used for typhoid and haemorrhagic conditions.

Leucas aspera

Colds (flower); as a toothbrush (twig); as an insecticidal (plant); for psoriasis and chronic skin eruptions (leaf juice); in chronic rheumatism (leaves); for cough and colds in children (flowers with honey). In headache, juice of the root is put into the nostril.

Lycopersicum esculentum

Used as a promoter of gastric secretion, a blood purifier and as an intestinal antiseptic (juice of the fruit); used as corrective for kidneys and a gentle natural stimulant and externally for burns, scalds and sunburn (fruit); used to treat enlarge prostate and the difficulties in urination (skin of fruit); in the treatment of rheumatism and severe headaches (plant); in toothache (decoction of the root).

Mentha arvensis

For neuralgia and inflammations of joints and muscles; in fever. Corn mint has antiseptic properties and it is effective for digestion. The tea made from the leaves is used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders and various minor ailments. The leaves are a remedy for stomach cancer.

Mentha citrata

For fevers, headaches, digestive disorders and various minor ailments (leaves); infertility, rapid heartbeat, nervous exhaustion etc (plant)

Mentha piperita

Stomach problems (including colic), gall bladder pains, nausea and as a stimulant (plant); headache and local aches (leaf); diuretic, alleviating spasms and as an expectorant (during colds). The anti-spasmodic quality relieves pain arising in the alimentary canal. Due to its stimulating, stomachic and carminative properties, it is effective in treating certain forms of dyspepsia, flatulence and colic. Peppermint tea is used also for palpitation of the heart. In cases of hysteria and nervous disorders, an infusion of Peppermint is administered.

Michelia champaca

For indigestion, boils, itching, nausea and fever (fruit and flower); as an abortifacient (bark). ; roots and are applied to abscesses; in dyspepsia, nausea and fever (infusion of flower); in vertigo and useful in cephalagia, opthalmia, gout and rheumatism (flower oil); for healing cracks in feet (seeds and fruits).

Morella cerifera

For stomachaches, fever, headaches (leaves); to children with stomachaches, for inflamed tonsils (roots); for fevers (leaves and stem).

Moringa oleifera

Used in paralytic conditions and intermittent fever; also useful as rubefacient in rheumatism, in spasmodic affections of the bowels, hysteria and flatulence as well as in epilepsy (roots); in diseases of liver and spleen, in tetanus and paralysis (fruit); in rheumatism (seed oil); in dental caries, otalgia and headache (gum).

Myroxylon balsamum

For asthma, colds and flu, rheumatism and external wounds (leaves and fruit); for abscesses, asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, headache, rheumatism, sores, sprains, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, and wounds (sap)

Nardostachys grandiflora

Used in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria and convulsive affections, nervous indigestion, insomnia, depression and tension headaches; heart disorders and as a stimulant (root). Externally, it is used as a deodorant and to treat rashes.

Nigella sativa

In biliousness, colic, constipation, debility, fever, headache, herpes, jaundice, ophthalmia, parturition, rheumatism, sores, septicemia, sciatica, anal sclerosis, stomachache; to increase the secretion of milk, are good for digestive and menstrual disorders, insufficient lactation and bronchial complaints, soothing stomach pains and spasms and easing wind, bloating and colic, to treat abscesses, haemorrhoids and orchitis (seeds); to remove lice from the hair (powdered seed).

Pandanus fascicularis

In syphilis, leprosy, smallpox and leucoderma (leaf); earache and diseases of the blood (anther). Its leaves are known for their aromatic, bitter and pungent properties and are used in leprosy, leucoderma, scabies, small pox and syphilis. Besides, an oil obtained from its bracts is administered in headache and rheumatism.

Passiflora foetida

Fruit is emetic, decoction is used in biliousness and asthma. Leaves are applied on the head in giddiness and headache. Their decoction is reportedly used to treat asthma and biliousness. A decoction of the leaves or roots is said to be an emmenagogue and useful for treating hysteria.

Pimenta racemosa

Used to treat adenopathy, cancer, chest cold, diarrhea, dyspepsia, edema, elephantiasis, fever, headache, nausea, pleurisy, pneumonia, rheumatism, toothache, varicosis and vertigo.

Pimpinella saxifraga

Disorders of the upper respiratory tract, including asthma (mainly used as a last resort), inflammations of the urinary tract and preventing stones there; also in healing wounds; for soothing coughs or the effects of laryngitis, bronchitis, for wounds, bleeding of nose and headache (root)

Pinellia ternata

Strengthens the spleen, very effective in controlling nausea and vomiting, for coughs with thin watery phlegm and gastritis (root); To treat cancer, depression, dermatosis, diarrhea, dyspepsia, gonorrhea, headache, hiccup, insomnia, jaundice , leukemia, leukorrhea, nausea, nephrosis, pharyngosis, psoriasis, rheumatism, snakebite.

Piper nigrum

In malaria, as a diuretic and in various gastrointestinal problems (fruit), cancer (especially that of the nose), corns, gonorrhea, headache, sores, swellings, cholera, craw-craw and dhobey itch, as an aromatic stimulant for disorders such as coma, good for constipation, also on the urinary organs; externally it is a rubefacient, useful in relaxed conditions of the rectum when prolapsed.

Pogostemon heyneanus

Carminative and diuretic (plant); for cough, asthma, for boils and to relieve headache (leaf); for dropsy, rheumatism (root)

Pterocarpus santalinus

For skin diseases, boils and scorpion stings (heartwood); dysentery (fruit); as an astringent, for bleeding piles and to eyes in ophthalmia and to sour eyes (powder), used in cephalalgia, odontalgia, hemicrania, vomiting, diarrhea and dysentery.

Pueraria tuberosa

The root is used as a demulcent and in the treatment of fevers. It is peeled and bruised into a cataplasm for swelling of joints. It is crushed and rubbed externally in the treatment of fevers, headaches and rheumatism.

Rauvolfia serpentina

Removing corneal opacity (leaf); central nervous system disorders including various mental problems, anthelmintic, intestinal problems (including dysentery) and lowering blood pressure (root), bile vomiting, blood dysentery, chickenpox, cough, dog-bite, fever, gastric problems, headache, insanity, insomnia, prolapse of rectum, rheumatism / rheumatoid arthritis and spermatorrhoea.

Rhododendron arboreum

On forehead in headache, to treat gout and rheumatism (leaves); menstrual disorders, in diarrhoea and dysentery (flowers); coughs, diarrhoea and dysentery (bark juice). Flowers are crushed and snuffed to stop nasal bleeding.

Rhododendron campanulatum

In rheumatism, sciatica and syphilis (leaf); used as a snuff in the treatment of colds and headache (leaves); used in the treatment of phthisis and chronic fevers (dried twigs and wood).

Ricinus communis

As one of the best laxatives (seed oil); poultice for boils, rheumatism and sores (seed paste); skin diseases, such as ringworm, and itching, as an emmenagogue (leaf decoction);in temporary constipation and wherever a mild action is essential, and is extremely useful for children and the aged, for various cutaneous complaints, such as ringworm, itch, dropped into the eye to remove the after-irritation caused by the removal of foreign bodies (oil); used by nursing mothers as an external application, to increase the flow of milk, as a poultice to relieve headaches and treat boils and diabetes (leaves).

Rosmarinus officinalis

Healing wounds in rheumatism and stimulating the apetite; stimulating the cardiovascular system (5% tincture); as a gargle for sore-throat, in headache and in tardy menstruation (oil)

Rumex nepalensis

To cure dysentery, syphilis, to dislocated bones and constipation (root); in stomachaches (root extract); to relieve headaches (leaves).

Salix alba

Pain relief, arthritis, calluses, convalescence, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, fever, headache, malaria, pain, respiratory ailments, rheumatism, skin ailments, throat ailments, warts

Salix caprea

For fevers (leaves); headaches and ophthalmia (flowers). A gum and the juice of the trees are used to increase visual powers.

Schleichera oleosa

Stimulating the growth of hair (kernel oil). The bark is astringent and antipyretic, used to relieve itching, back pain, inflammations and ulcers. Also used to treat pruritus, adenitis, ripening boils, notalgia, arthralgia, malaria. Seed oil is used to treat pruritus, acne, dermatosis, ulcers, cephalgia, trichopathy.

Sesbania grandiflora

For bruises, catarrh, dysentery, sore eyes, fevers, headaches, smallpox, sores, sorethroat, and stomatitis (plant); used in treating smallpox and other eruptive fevers (bark); to treat headache, head congestion, or stuffy nose (flower juice); poulticed onto bruises, for epilepsy, gout, itch, leprosy, nyctalopia, and ophthalmia (leaves); on rheumatic swellings, for inflammation (root powder);for anemia, bronchitis, fever, pain, thirst, and tumors (fruits); for biliousness, bronchitis, gout, nyctalopia, ozoena, and quartan fever (flowers).

Spermacoce hispida

A decoction of the herb is used to relieve headache and that of the roots is used as a mouthwash to relieve toothache and as an alterative. An extract of the leaves is given as an astringent for haemorrhoids and gallstones. The seeds have demulcent properties and are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. They are stimulant and sometimes used as substitute for coffee.

Syzygium aromaticum

As an analgesic and for sensitive teeth and cavities (of the teeth) (essential oil); indigestion, gastric irritation, alleviating nausea and in halitosis (bud); respiratory maladies, sore throat, headache and coryza, for removal of stain in teeth, as salivary stimulator in sublingual pharmaceutical compositions, for treating circulatory diseases such as posttraumatic oedema.

Tabernaemontana divaricata

As a vermicide and in diarrhea (root powder); eye pressure and corneal inflammation (latex); to treat hypertension, headache, and scabies (roots); as an aphrodisiac, and has a reputation of making women more fertile (bark); ophthalmia (juice from the flowers); to alleviate stomach and rheumatic pains, as well as diarrhoea (decoctions of the bark).

Taxus baccata

The leaves have been used internally in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, hiccup, indigestion, rheumatism and epilepsy. Externally, the leaves have been used in a steam bath as a treatment for rheumatism. A homeopathic remedy is made from the young shoots and the berries. It is used in the treatment of cystitis, eruptions, headaches, heart and kidney problems, rheumatism etc.

Toona ciliata

As a tonic, astringent and in dysentery, ulcers, leprosy, fevers, itching, headache, biliousness (bark)

Tribulus terrestris

In painful urination and impotency (fruit); in treating impotency in males, nocturnal emissions, gonorrhoea, painful urination, gout, consumption, kidney problems (including kidney stones) and incontinence of urine (decoction of seed); in treating cancer and to promote hair-growth (plant); gas, headache, ophthalmia and stomatitis (dried fruit). It is being studied as a potential herbal remedy against AIDS.

Urginea indica

In rheumatism, asthma, preparing “chandni bhasma” (which is used in paralysis), as a deobustruent, prescribed for dropsy, rheumatism, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma, renal calculi, leprosy, scabies, headaches and diseases of the nose (bulb).

Valeriana officinalis

Good for emotional problems, such as anxiety and in headaches, insomnia, palpitations etc. Valerian has a remarkable influence on the cerebro-spinal system, and is used as a sedative to the higher nerve centres in conditions ofnervous unrest, St. Vitus's dance, hypochrondriasis, neuralgic pains and the like. The drug allays pain and promotes sleep. It is used for nervous overstrain, as it possesses none of the after-effects produced by narcotics. Oil of Valerian is employed as a popular remedy for cholera, in the form of cholera drops. The juice of the fresh root, under the name of Energetene of Valerian, has of late been recommended as more certain in its effects, and of value as a narcotic in insomnia, and as an anti-convulsant in epilepsy. Having also some slight influence upon the circulation, slowing the heart and increasing its force, it has been used in the treatment of cardiac palpitations. It is also used internally in the treatment of painful menstruation, cramps, hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome etc. Externally, it is used to treat eczema, ulcers and minor injuries.

Verbena officinalis

In liver and gallbladder complaints, chronic eczema and bronchitis,insomnia, menstrual pain, in the treatment of headaches, fevers, nervous exhaustion, depression, insufficient lactation (plant); in rheumatism, healing of wounds, for the swellings of womb (leaves)

Viscum album

In hypertension (without any reported side effects), ear maladies especially in earache-tearing pains in the ears, and otitis, bleeding in the uterus, as a sedative and emetic (aerial part and leaf); for spleen enlargement and tumors, to lower blood pressure, heart rate, ease anxiety and promote sleep, also relieve panic attacks and headaches, and improves the ability to concentrate (plant); as a cardiotonic (fruit, leaf, wood and bark).

Vitex negundo

As a demulcent (in the sinuses) and on sores (related to scrofula) (oil); in gonorrhea, rheumatism, sprains, fever (related to catarrh) and headache (leaf); aids in the removal of worms and foetid discharges from ulcers (leaf juice), controls acne in teenagers, regulates ovulatory cycle, menopause, menorrhagia (heavy menstruation), menstrual difficulties (secondary amenorrhea), premenstrual syndrome, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease among women, relieves pains due to rheumatism, gout, sciatica and the body ache resulted from heavy physical exertion, skin troubles, migraine; with the right proportion it is use for dental care for healthy, disease free teeth, as mouth wash and treatment for toothache. Pillows stuffed with leaves are slept on to remove catarrh and headache. Dried fruit is used to destroy human worm while seeds boiled in water and eaten, or the water is taken internally, to prevent spread of toxins from poisonous bites of animals, also cooling for skin disorders.

Wedelia chinensis

In cough, cephalgia and diseases of the skin, especially alopecia (leaves); in uterine haemorrhage and menorrhagia (herb decoction); antihepatotoxic (leaf powder)

Woodfordia floribunda

For diarrhea, dysentery, fever, headache, hemorrhoids, herpes, internal hemorrhage, leukorrhea, liver disorders, menorrhagia, ulcers, wounds.

Zanthoxylum alatum

Leucoderma, problems with the spleen, diseases of the eye and ear, asthma and tumors (fruit); for gastrointestinal disorders; in treating tumours, odontalgia, cephalagia, opthalmia, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, helminthiasis, diarrhoea, hepatopathy, splenitis, strangury, fever, leucoderma, leprosy, skin diseases, cough, asthma, paralysis, gout, convulsions, diabetes, wounds, ulcers, stomatitis, pharyngitis, cardiac debility and general debility (bark and fruit)

Zanthoxylum armatum

In eye and ear diseases, headache, leucoderma and in spleen - enlargement; in dental problems, scabies, dyspepsia and fevers (fruits); in fever and dyspepsia (seeds); in toothache (stems with thorns); in cholera (bark infusion).