Antitumor (in vitro), aphrodisiac, carminative, antiseptic, increases the secretion of gastric juices and antihysteric (seed), larvicidal activity (roots) and antihyperglycemic.

Antibiotic, antiseptic and balsamic (buds); antiseptic and astringent (bark); antiseptic, balsamic, diuretic, eupeptic, expectorant, vasoconstrictor and vulnerary (resin); rubefacient (oil)

Anodyne, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, masticatory and vulnerary (plant); antirheumatic (root decoction)

Antiseptic

Antiseptic

Alleviates spasms and antiviral (stem); antiinflammatory and hypoglycemic (wood); astringent (bark and heartwood); hypothermic. anthelmintic and antiseptic.

As antiseptic (leaves); as vermicide and carminative (whole plant)

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Diuretic and antiseptic (leaf); antispasmodic (leaves), stimulant and sternutatory (fresh juice).

Antiseptic and reduces fever (bark); astringent (root); antibacterial (plant); febrifuge.

Anthelmintic (petroleum ether extract of leaf); antiseptic, emetic, and anthelmintic (plant)

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive tonic, diuretic, kidney tonic, stimulant, tonic, urinary antiseptic, uterine stimulant.

Aromatic, bitter, astringent, antiseptic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, expectorant, antileukemic, anticancer and “cytotoxic against KB test-system” (root bark); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part)

Antiprotozoal, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, cooling and bitter, possesses anti-bilious, antiseptic properties, and is a laxative, diuretic, expectorant and alleviates spasms (plant); antibacterial (leaf); antibilious (plant decoction).

Antiasthmatic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, vermifuge and vulnerary (leaves and stems)

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)

Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, homeopathic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, lithontripic, stomachic, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidysenteric, reduces fever, helps prevent snakebite, sedative, stimulant, increases the secretion of gastric juices. mild counter-irritant, lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar, antifungal.

Antibacterial, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, galactogogue, stomachic, vermifuge and vulnerary (bulb); as a children's sedative (tea made from roots).

Anticancer, fungicidal, antiseptic, tonic and parasiticidal (plant); anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)