Diuretic, alleviates spasms and analgesic (plant); reduces fever (leaf and root); analgesic, anthelmintic and vermifuge (seeds)

Antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, astringent and febrifuge (leaves); antibacterial and anticancer (root); anticancer (root and whole plant)

Acts as a febrifuge (decoction of root)

Analgesic, febrifuge (leaves); aphrodisiac, antiseptic, antispasmodic, galactogogue and tonic (flowers); anti-depressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, anti-spasmodic, cicatrisant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative and uterine (oil).

Depurative, diuretic and febrifuge.

Antiarrhythmic, hypotensive and anticancer (plant); depresses the central nervous system (leaf extract); insecticidal and aids in reducing fever (leaf).

Anticholesterolemic, antidote (to most forms of poison), antivinous, carminative and hypoglycaemic (plant); antivinous, alexiteric and carminative (flowers); anthelmintic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, digestive, febrifuge and stomachic (dried and roasted seeds).

Antibiotic, antidote, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, lithontripic, odontalgic, poultice, purgative, vermifuge.

Laxative (leaf and bark);astringent, stimulant and febrifuge (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system (including the heart),spasmogenic and antiviral (aerial part); purgative, deobstruent and diuretic (leaves); stimulant and febrifuge (bark)

Astringent (bark); diuretic and antipyretic (seeds).

As a febrifuge, diaphoretic and stimulant (decoction of the leaves and flowers)

Antipyretic and diaphoretic (roots).

Alterative, antipruritic, antiscorbutic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and soporific (whole plant)

Anticancer,depurative, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative, narcotic and alleviates spasms (plant); anti-malarial (seeds); rheumatic affections (leaves)

Acts as an anthelminthic, stomachic, stimulant and diaphoretic (decoction of the leaves); febrifuge (roasted leaves).

Antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, digestive, expectorant, febrifuge and stomachic (roots)

Antibacterial, antiseptic, antitumour, cardiotonic, diuretic and tonic (fruit); anodyne, diaphoretic, febrifuge, pectoral and vulnerary (leaves); diaphoretic (bark)

Antitussive, diuretic, carminative, expectorant, febrifuge, pectoral, sedative and tonic (bulb)

Reduces fever, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk, sweet, bitter, refrigerant, galactagogue, expectorant, aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and tonic (bulb); astringent, antiinflammatory and emollient.

Aromatic, decongestant, stomachic (plant); diuretic and vermicidal (fruit); febrifuge (seed); anodyne, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, stomachic and tonic (root)