Aromatic, digestive, diuretic and sedative (whole plant); carminative and refereshing (decoction of the flowers).

Antiviral (flower); laxative and reduces fever (fruit pulp); astringent (seed); refrigerants in fevers and as laxatives and carminatives.

Carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juices, laxative and antispasmodic (fruit); lowers blood sugar and antiviral (flower); coagulates semen and stimulates the central nervous system (stem bark); protects the liver.

Anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, aperient, aromatic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (whole plant).

Alterative, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, tonic and vulnerary.

Alleviates spasms, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, expectorant, carminative, anthelmintic, stimulant and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); vermifuge (seeds); Blood purifier, digestive and appetizer (Leaf juice)

Anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, antimastitis, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative, tonic (plant); vermifuge (seeds)

Expectorant, dissolves mucous, diuretic, antibiotic, sedative and anthelmintic (flower and leaf); antiseptic, stimulant and alleviates spasms (especially to the bronchial tubes and digestive organs) (essential oil); antibacterial (leaf and stem); antiseptic, anthelmintic, expectorant, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue and sediative (plant); anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative and tonic (flowering tops)

Astringent, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic and styptic (bark)

Anthelmintic and carminative (flowers); anthelmintic, antitussive, laxative and peptic (seeds)

Anthelmintic (seeds); anodyne, carminative, digestive, laxative and pectoral (plant)

Diuretic and carminative (root); lowers blood pressure, depresses heart activity and antifungal (essential oil); carminative (fruit and root); stimulant and alleviates spasms (fruit); antispasmodic, stimulant, tonic and carminative (plant); strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant and tonic (seed oil).

Cardiotonic, emetic, thermogenic antispasmodic, stimulant, tonic, digestive, anthelmintic and diuretic (fruit); condiment, stimulant, carminative (seeds)

Aphrodisiac and diuretic (fruit); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system, abortifacient, alterative, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactogogue, pectoral and tonic (seed and plant); cardiotonic and enhances semen production (plant).

Alterative, analgesic, antiaggregant, antiedemic, antiexudative, antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antispasmodic, antitumor, astringent, carcinogenic, carminative, collyrium, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, fumitory, hemostatic , hepatotoxic, hypotensive, immunostimulant, insecticide, lactagogue, laxativ, lymphotonic, myorelaxant, nervine, antidote, proteolytic, sedative, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary (plant);

Lowers blood pressure, carminative, increases milk production and/or flow, depresses the central nervous system, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, hypoglycemic, diuretic, hemostatic, antiinflammatory, emmolient, rids the body of impurities and toxins.

Analgesic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, carminative, CNS Stimulant, contraceptive, diuretic, hallucinogen, narcotic and psychomimetic (seeds)

Antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, sedative, tranquillizer and hepatic (stem with hooks).

Anthelminthic and carminative (whole plant)

Antiseptic, astringent, carminative, hypnotic and hypoglycaemic