Astringent (bark); anticancer (stem bark); alleviates spasms (leaf and stem bark); stimulates the central nervous system, antiprotozoal and hypoglycemic (leaf).

Astringent, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic and styptic (bark)

Aphrodisiac and diuretic (fruit); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system, abortifacient, alterative, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactogogue, pectoral and tonic (seed and plant); cardiotonic and enhances semen production (plant).

Alterative, analgesic, antiaggregant, antiedemic, antiexudative, antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antispasmodic, antitumor, astringent, carcinogenic, carminative, collyrium, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, fumitory, hemostatic , hepatotoxic, hypotensive, immunostimulant, insecticide, lactagogue, laxativ, lymphotonic, myorelaxant, nervine, antidote, proteolytic, sedative, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary (plant);

Diuretic, toxic, antirheumatic, antiscrophulatic, depurative, detergent and tonic (plant) and astringent.

Antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, expectorant, tonic, uterine tonic (root); antispasmodic, emetic, emmenagogue.

Mucilaginous and emollient (leaves); astringent, diuretic and antihypertensive (decoction of plant or root and bark).

Diuretic, sedative, antirheumatic, antidiarrheal and astringent (leaf); inhibits peristalsis of rabbit intestines (leaf essential oil); mild hemolytic (flower); alleviates spasms and expectorant (leaf and flower).

Diuretic (leaves); astringent, desiccant, diuretic, haemostatic and vulnerary (pollen); astringent and diuretic (rootstock); haemostatic (seed).

Diuretic (leaves); astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary (pollen); anticoagulant and haemostatic (dried pollen); diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic (roots).

Astringent and styptic (stamens and pollen)

Astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactogogue and haemostatic (pollen); anticoagulant and haemostatic (dried pollen)

Astringent, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, tonic, vulnerary.

Used as an astringent and as styptic (plant)

Antiparamecium (leaf extract); astringent, diuretic (which relieves rheumatism and edema), increases metabolic rate, anticancer, antidiabetes, antianemic, cholinergic and histaminic (plant); inflammatory (stinging hairs).

Mildly astringent, diuretic and vulnerary (whole plant)

Analgesic, antiaging, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic, astringent, blood tonic, cerebrotonic, depurative, detoxicant, emmenagogue, hypocholesterolemic, memorigenic, neuronogenic.

Laxative, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic and hemostatic; astringent, tonic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic (leaves)

Antiseptic, astringent, carminative, hypnotic and hypoglycaemic

Antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, refrigerant (leaves).