Stimulates the cardiovascular system, antiinflammatory and alleviates spasms (stem bark); emollient, antitussive and demulcent (gum); aphrodisiac, anti-diarrheic, anti-dysenteric, anti-Plaque, anti-gingivitic.

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Stomachic and antidiarrhoeal (leaves); febrifuge (infusion of leaves).

Antidiarrheal (fruit)

Allergenic, antibilious, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antiradicular, antiviral, bitter, carminative, chemopreventive, choleretic, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, gastrostimulant, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, immunostimulant, laxative, lipolytic, phagocytotic, probiotigenic, stimulant, tonic.

The seeds are used as cooling and tonic, antidiarrheal, astringent and hypoglycemic (bark); reduces fever (seed); stops bodily secretions and hemostatic (bark and leaf buds); emollient, demulcent and alleviates pain (fruit).

Protects against infections; stomachic, antidiarrhoeal and antitussive (berries); astringent and vermifuge (leaves and twigs)

Promote production of saliva, bile and other digestive enzymes, alterative, antidiarrheal, antiperiodic, antiseptic, aperient, apertif, astringent (mucous membranes in gut), blood cleanser, cancer treatment, carminative, cicatrizant, detergent and diuretic.

Oestrogenic agent, carminative, stimulant and stomachic (fruit); antidiarrhoeal (powder or decoction of the fruits); antibacterial (leaves and seeds); stimulant, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative, mildly expectorant and gastrointestinal spasmolytic (plant essential oil).

Analgesic, antidiarrheal , diuretic, and emetic

Analgesic, antidiarrheal and stomachic (bark)

Febrifuge, decongestant and antidiarrheal (aerial parts)

Nutritive, astringent, expectorant, antidiarrheal and demulcent

Laxative, stimulates the flow of bile, irritant, anticancer and antidiarrheal (root and rhizome).

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

On the nictating membrane and stimulates the cardiovascular system (stem bark); hypoglycemic (bark and heartwood); antidiarrheal and astringent (bark); lowers blood cholesterol; regenerates beta cells and increases insulin and proinsulin levels.

Diuretic, tonic, astringent (plant); antidiarrheal (root); antihistaminic (leaf).

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, diaphoretic, rubefacient (plant); sedative (plant sap)

Antidiarrheal and astringent (aerial part); antiviral, anticancer and alleviates spasms (leaf).