Discutient and vulnerary (leaves); alterative, antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, nervine, stomachic, tonic and vulnerary (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (roots)

Antifungal, antibacterial and laxative.

Antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, astringent and febrifuge (leaves); antibacterial and anticancer (root); anticancer (root and whole plant)

Antiviral, cyanogenetic; antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and antiparasitic (root)

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory (branches and leaves)

Abortifacient, antibacterial, antiedemic, antiinflammatory, antimitotic, antimutagenic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, choleretic, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue, estrogenic, expectorant, hallucinogen, hepatoprotective, hepatotoxic, immunostimulant, narcotic, sedative and vulnerary.

Antibacterial, immunomodulator (selectively changes some immune functions), central nervous system depressant, analgesic (pain-reliever), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.

Antibacterial, antifungal (plant); cardiotonic and diuretic (leaves and fruits); antiphlogistic, astringent and diuretic (seeds)

Stimulates the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, hypothermic and anticancer (leaf and stem bark); astringent, acrid (bark); antibacterial (plant).

Antiinflammatory and antibacterial (leaf); antifungal (plant); astringent and sedative.

Diuretic (leaves); emmenagogue (dried flowers); antibacterial, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, ophthalmic and vasodilator (fruit); aphrodisiac, diuretic, emmenagogue, ophthalmic (seed); alterative, antibacterial, antifungal, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, vasodilator and vulnerary (aerial parts)

Antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic and purgative. The seed is also cardiotonic (seed); expectorant (root); antibacterial (plant)

General stimulant, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk and antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative strains (plant).

Insecticidal, hypothermic, diuretic and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); antitubercular, antifungal and antibacterial (root bark).

Anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, hypotensive and sedative (root)

Analgesic, antibacterial, emmenagogue, haemostatic, nervine, oxytocic, sedative and vasodilator (root)

Antiviral, antibacterial, antiulcer and hypotensive (plant extract)

Antibacterial, antiseptic, antitumour, cardiotonic, diuretic and tonic (fruit); anodyne, diaphoretic, febrifuge, pectoral and vulnerary (leaves); diaphoretic (bark)

Anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant (plant)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, expectorant, pectoral, salve and stimulant (resin)