Alterative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, stimulant, styptic and tonic (root)

Antihemorrhagic, pungent, demulcent, antispasmodic and antihepatotoxic (seed); sudorific, aperient, diaphoretic and gentle laxative (leaf); astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (plant)

Astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (whole plant);

Stimulant, antibacterial, analgesic, rubefacient, expectorant, restorative, febrifuge and antipyretic (seed).

Alterative, demulcent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (root)

The root is alterative, antiscrophulatic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic.

Antiemetic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac tonic, carminative, cordial, resolvent (root); anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular system (plant); expectorant and carminative (root and plant); toxic, laxative and digestive (fruits).

Antiseptic (infusion of the dried powdered herb); astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant (leaves); diuretic (essential oil); aperient, astringent and tonic (flowers)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)

Diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, tonic and antifertility (plant); laxative (leaves); styptic (flowers and pods); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, haemostatic and hypotensive (flower and flower buds); abortifacient (seedpods); emetic and haemostatic (seeds).

Anthelmintic (seed and root); diuretic, hypoglycemic and aphrodisiac (plant); antibacterial and antifungal (essential oil); depurifies the body, alterant, depurative, refrigerant and tonic (flower).

Antifeedant, cardiac, cardiotonic, hypertensive, positive inotropic, narcotic, sedative, soporific, tonic, toxic and vermifuge.

Antipruritic, antipyretic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic and diuretic (whole plant)

Antidepressant, antidiarrheic, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, carminative, cerebrotonic, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant,emmenagogue, hepatotonic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, tranquilizer, tonic and vulnerary.

Powerful diuretic, tonic, antisyphilitic and vermifuge (leaf or root decoction)

The root is bitter, astringent, cardiotonic, cooling, diuretic and tonic.

Hypoglycemic, hypotensive, cardiotonic, diuretic and antimicrobial (leaves)

Antiseptic, cardiotonic, diuretic, emetic, tonic.

Stomachic, febrifuge, anticholeric and tonic (seeds and bark); stomachic and febrifuge (seeds, roots and wood); tonic and vermifuge (seeds).

Bitter tonic, stomachic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, appetizer, laxative, alterative, antidiarrhoeic, antiperiodic.