Diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge and tonic (leaves); emetic and purgative (berries); diuretic (root)

Diuretic, depurative, and a general tonic to relieve mental and physical fatigue (mate)

As a tonic, fungicidal, bactericidal and haemostatic (flowers)

Restorative, tonic and antipyretic (rhizome)

Antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, stomachic and tonic (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (root).

Discutient and vulnerary (leaves); alterative, antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, nervine, stomachic, tonic and vulnerary (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (roots)

Aphrodisiac, demulcent, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk and the flow of bile and tonic; nutritive, expectorant and diuretic (decoction); tonic, alterative, aphrodisiac, demulcent, lactagogue and cholagogue (resin of root)

The plant is mucilaginous, astringent, stomachic, alterative, tonic, diuretic and laxative counteracts or neutralizes the effects of histamine (essential leaf oil); analgesic (plant)

Bitter, astringent, tonic and stomachic (leaves)

Astringent, cardiotonic, decongestant, parasiticide, stomachic and tonic.

Analgesic, febrifuge (leaves); aphrodisiac, antiseptic, antispasmodic, galactogogue and tonic (flowers); anti-depressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, anti-spasmodic, cicatrisant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative and uterine (oil).

Anthelminthic, antiseptic, bitter, emetic, gastrotonic, hypotensive, laxative, narcotic, stomachic, tonic.

Alterative, anodyne, astringent, blood tonic, detergent, emetic, laxative, pectoral and vermifuge (bark and leaves)

Bechic, stomachic and tonic (dried fruit decoction)

Antibacterial, antifungal (plant); cardiotonic and diuretic (leaves and fruits); antiphlogistic, astringent and diuretic (seeds)

Sudorific, refrigerant, demulcent and tonic (decoction of roots); diuretic (decoction of rhizome)

Alterative, diuretic, laxative and tonic (bark); astringent (leaves); expectorant (buds and bark); disinfectant and laxative (needles and inner bark).

Lowers blood pressure, sedative and diuretic. Antihalitosis, powerfully antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (oil)

Mild diuretic, cardiotonic and sedative; tonic, antispasmodic, diuretic, analgesic and emmenagogue. Antispasmodic, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, stomachic, tonic and uterine stimulant (leaves)

Antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic and purgative. The seed is also cardiotonic (seed); expectorant (root); antibacterial (plant)