Alleviates spasms, antiviral, stimulates the cardiovascular system and antagonistic to the effect of amphetamine (aerial part); bitter astringent, tonic, antiseptic and febrifuge (plant)

Anodyne, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, carminative, depurative and febrifuge (whole plant); capillary tonic, antioedemic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and hypotensive (leaves)

Abortifacient, antiseptic, depurative, tonic and vermifuge.

Pulp of raw fruit is useful in arresting secretion or bleeding, ripe fruit is refreshing, aromatic, digestive and a tonic, leaves are aromatic, astringent, carminative, gum of the stem has a soothing effect on the skin and mucous membranes.

Alterative, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, expectorant, laxative, parasiticide, sedative, stimulant, tonic.

Antispasmodic, aperitif, emmenagogue, mucostimulant, narcotic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, tonic, tranquilizer, uterotonic and vermifuge (root)

The seeds are used as cooling and tonic, antidiarrheal, astringent and hypoglycemic (bark); reduces fever (seed); stops bodily secretions and hemostatic (bark and leaf buds); emollient, demulcent and alleviates pain (fruit).

It is considered that the laxative property resides in the saccharine juice of the fresh fruit and in the dried fruit is probably due to the indigestible seeds and skin. The fruit is mildly laxative, demulcent, digestive and pectoral. The unripe green fruits are cooked with other foods as a galactogogue and tonic. The roasted fruit is emollient and stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part).

Tonic, lactagogue and emetic (fruits); as purgative and emetic (fruits, seeds and bark).

Tonic and diuretic (bark); vulnerary (bruised roots); astringent (young buds and the milky juice); diaphoretic (decoction of leaves); aphrodisiac (concentrated juice and fruit).

Used as a tonic and galactagogue (fruits and leaves); anthelmintic (latex)

Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal (seeds); antiseptic (herb); stimulates the heart, nervous system, gall bladder, antidote, antiphlogistic, antitussive, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative and tonic (fruit)

Astringent, diuretic, laxative and tonic (leaves and fruits).

Antiseptic, astringent, emmenagogue, galactogogue and odontalgic (whole plant); abortifacient, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antiulcer, astringent, deodorant, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, digestive, hemostat, neurotonic, tonic, urinary antiseptic (leaves); nerve tonic and slightly astringent (tea from the leaves); diuretic (tea made from root).

Antibacterial, antiherpetic, antileukemic, antispasmodic, depurative, diuretic, emetic, hepatotonic, laxative, peristaltic and prostaglandigenic.

Astringent, emmenagogue and a bitter tonic (bark); diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and strongly laxative (inner bark); aphrodisiac (seed)

Bitter tonic, astringent, antiperiodic (bark); astringent, cathartic, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, laxative and purgative (leaves); carminative (seed)

Antispasmodic, aperient, cholagogue, depurative, slightly diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective and weakly tonic (herb)

Alterative, antiphlogistic, aperient, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, tonic and vulnerary (whole plant except root)

Alterative, aperient, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, hemostat, pectoral, purgative, sudorific and tonic (plant).