Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic and sedative (root); antitussive, cardiotonic, hypotensive and anticancer (plant extract)

Rhizome is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling, purgative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge, expectorant, tonicanthelmintic, antiinflammatory, stimulant, antifertility and anticholinesterase activity; alleviates spasms and lowers blood pressure (seed); astringent (root).

Improves blood flow (by dilating the blood vessels and coronary arteries), strengthens the heart and aids in oxygenating the blood (the above effects are gradual); antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (fruit);

Antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (fruit); astringent (berk)

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, cardiotonic, hypotensive, stomachic, vasodilator (fruit); alterative, antiscorbutic, deobstruent, laxative, stimulant and stomachic (dried fruit)

Cardiotonic, Hypotensive (flower and fruit)

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Antiinflammatory, alterative, antipyretic, aperitif, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, contraceptive, demulcent, hepatotonic, laxative, litholytic, natriuretic, rubefacient, sedative, tonic (bark)

Laxative (seed); diaphoretic and induces nausea; bitter, tonic, laxative and expectorant (bulb); expectorant (leaves)

Tonic (root)

Antiseptic, astringent, bitter, digestive, hypotensive, narcotic, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

The root has alternative, aphrodisiac, refrigerant, diuretic and tonic properties; depresses central nervous system, lowers blood pressure and antiamphetaminic (50% EtOH stem and root extract); stimulates lactation (plant).

The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge. hypothermic. The fruit is depurative, diuretic, emollient, purgative and resolvent; emollient and tones the skin. as well as protects it from the sun.

The seeds are diuretic, tonic, vermifuge, anthelmintic and influences muscle contractility of the frog heart (in vivo and in vitro).

It is considered a tonic to the genital system, and an aphrodisiac (plant); stomachic, anthelmintic, diuretic and febrifuge (seeds).

Alleviates spasms, anticancer and hypoglycemic (plant); aphrodisiac (rhizome), demulcent, diuretic, tonic.

Antiseptic, bactericidal, balsamic, carminative, cholagogue, fungicide, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (dried rhizome)

Aphrodisiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, hepatic and tonic (seed)

Aphrodisiac, renal and a hepatic tonic (whole plant)

Aphrodisiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, hepatic and tonic (seed)