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Crataegus laevigata (Poir.)DC.


Botanical Name	:	Crataegus laevigata (Poir.)DC.
English Name	:	Hawthorn or Midland Hawthorn
Synonym(s)	:	Crataegus oxyacantha L. emend Jacq., Crataegus oxyacanthoides Thuillier.
Family	:	Rosaceae

General Info

Description

A deciduous tree 15' to 20' tall. Bark grayish brown, apple-like zigzag stem pattern. Leaves simple, alternate, 2.5" long lobed, rounded. White flowers borne in corymbs. Fruit, a red pome 0.5" in diameter.

Herb Effects

Improves blood flow (by dilating the blood vessels and coronary arteries), strengthens the heart and aids in oxygenating the blood (the above effects are gradual); antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (fruit);

Links

Crataegus laevigata
English Hawthorn
Plants for a Future

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

Acetyl-choline, adenine, adenosine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, quercitrin, rutin, sorbitol, ursolic acid (leaf); ascorbic acid (fruit, leaf); beta-carotene, catechin, citric acid, esculin, hyperoside, lauric acid, linoleic acid, niacin, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, procyanidin, riboflavin, tartaric acid, thiamin, tyramine, vitexin (fruit); beta-sitosterol, choline (flower, leaf)

Chemistry of Active Ingredients

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Adenine

5426-35-7

7H-purin-6-amine

C₅H₅N₅

Adenosine

Not Available

2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl
)-5-(hydroxymethyl)o
xolane-3,4-diol

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

Caffeic acid

Not Available

3-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)prop-2-enoic acid

C₉H₈O₄

Chlorogenic acid

327-97-9

3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyp
henyl)prop-2-enoylox
y]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-
cyclohexan e-1-carb
oxylic acid

C₁₆H₁₈O₉

Epicatechin

490-46-0

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)chroman-3,5,7-tri
ol

C₁₅H₁₄O₆

Quercitrin

6151-25-3

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
methyl-oxa n-2-yl)o
xy-chromen-7-one

C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁

Rutin

Not Available

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
[(3,4,5-tr ihydroxy
-6-methyl-tetrahydro
pyran-2-yl)oxymethyl
]tetrahydropyran-2-y
l] oxy-chromen-7-on
e trihydrate

C₂₇H₃₆O₁₉

Sorbitol

98201-93-5

(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

C₆H₁₄O₆

Ursolic acid

77-52-1

10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b
,9,9,12a-heptamethyl
-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a
,10,11,12,

C₃₀H₄₈O₃

Ascorbic Acid

Not Available

2-(1,2-dihydroxyethy
l)-4,5-dihydroxy-fur
an-3-one

C₆H₈O₆

beta-Carotene

Not Available

3,7,12,16-tetramethy
l-1,18-bis(2,6,6-tri
methyl-1-cyclohexeny
l)-octadec a-1,3,5,
7,9,11,13,15,17-nona
ene

C₄₀H₅₆

Catechin

5323-80-8

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)chroman-3,5,7-tri
ol

C₁₅H₁₄O₆

Citric acid

Not Available

2-hydroxypropane-1,2
,3-tricarboxylic
acid

C₆H₈O₇

Esculin

97882-87-6

2-hydroxy-6-[3,4,5-t
rihydroxy-6-(hydroxy
methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy
-chromen-7 -one

C₁₅H₁₆O₉

Hyperoside

482-36-0

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
(hydroxyme thyl)oxa
n-2-yl]oxy-chromen-7
-one

C₂₁H₂₀O₁₂

Lauric acid

8045-27-0

Dodecanoic acid

C₁₂H₂₄O₂

Linoleic acid

8024-22-4

Octadeca-9,12-dienoi
c acid

C₁₈H₃₂O₂

Niacin

99148-57-9

Pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid

C₆H₅NO₂

Oxalic acid

553-91-3

Oxalic acid

C₂H₂O₄

Palmitic acid

66321-94-6

Hexadecanoic acid

C₁₆H₃₂O₂

Procyanidin

4852-22-6

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydr
oxyphenyl)-5,7-dihyd
roxy-chrom an-3-yl]
oxy-chroman-3,4,5,7-
tetrol

C₃₀H₂₆O₁₃

Riboflavin

Not Available

C₁₇H₂₁N₄O₉P

Tartaric acid

526-83-0

2,3-dihydroxybutaned
ioic acid

C₄H₆O₆

Thiamin

59-43-8

2-[3-[(4-amino-2-met
hyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)m
ethyl]-4-methyl-1-th
ia-3-azoni acyclope
nta-2,4-dien-5-yl]et
hanol

C₁₂H₁₇N₄OS+

Tyramine

60-19-5

4-(2-aminoethyl)phen
ol

C₈H₁₁NO

Vitexin

521-33-5

4,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4
,5-trihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl )oxan-2-
yl]-chromen-5-one

C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀

Beta-sitosterol

5779-62-4

17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14,

C₂₉H₅₀O

Choline

67-48-1

2-hydroxyethyl-trime
thyl-ammonium

C₅H₁₄NO+

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

Heart problems of the aged (such as arrythmia and weakness), hypertension, dropsy and kidney problems (the drug can be used long-term with few problems).

Reference

Stary, The Natural Guide to Medicinal Herbs and Plants.

Al Makdessi S. Sweidan H. Mullner S. Jacob R. Myocardial protection by pretreatment with Crataegus oxyacantha: an assessment by means of the release of lactate dehydrogenase.

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