Analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, candidicide, carminative, depurative, digestive, fungicide, hypotensive, irritant, larvicide, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

The seed is antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, pectoral, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, slightly diuretic, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, antimicrobial and kills certain insects.

Alleviates spasms, antiviral, antiarrhythmic, spermicidal and carminative (plant); antifungal (seed).

Expectorant and prevents stones in the urinary tract; aromatic, acrid, pungent, diuretic and diaphoretic (dried root); antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, resolvent and stomachic (leaves and root)

Carminative, stimulant, antibacterial and inhibits tumor growth (leaf); anthelmintic, respiratory and cardiac depressant, alleviates spasms and antiseptic (essential oil); contraceptive (root); aphrodisiac and astringent.

Carminative (fruit), stimulant, diuretic, lowers blood pressure and reduces fever (root), analgesic (root and fruit), antimicrobial (essential oil), hypoglycemic and induces spasms (plant) antitubercular and hematinic.

Abortifacient, astringent, emollient (leaf); kills sperm, hemolytic and aids in inducing agglutination of human blood (seed); alleviates spasms (stem bark).

Antidote, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, cathartic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, secretagogue, secretolytic, sialagogue, stimulant and tonic (root); abortifacient (bark infusion)

Alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and diuretic (aerial part); astringent (plant).

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antispasmodic, astringent, cardiotonic, demulcent, depurative, hypoglycaemic, laxative, sedative, tonic (root and stem); deobstruent and sedative (stem); antipyretic, antitumour, hypoglycaemic and sedative (plant extract)

Alleviates spasms, antiinflammatory, hemostatic and astringent (plant); antibacterial (aerial part).

Antispasmodic, antiinflammatory and induces constipation; antibiotic, strongly astringent, haemostatic and hypoglycaemic (root)

Antispasmodic, astringent and febrifuge (roots and herb).

Diuretic and alleviates spasms (leaf); hypoglycemic and stimulates the cardiovascular system (stem bark).

Anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant (flowers, leaves); antispasmodic and sedative (yellow corolla of the flower); mildly diuretic, antirheumatic and slows the clotting of blood (root)

Antispasmodic, vermifuge, emetic, astringent, sedative, anodyne, anti-inflammatory and febrifuge

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

Antiinflammatory and antiseptic (salted fruit); antipyretic, antiseptic, emetic, ophthalmic; analgesic, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, sedative and vulnerary (seed)

Antispasmodic, narcotic and sedative (fresh leaves)

Antibacterial, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, cooling, pectoral, sialagogue and vermifuge (unripe fruit); antispasmodic, carminative and febrifuge (half ripe smoke fruits)