Antispasmodic, astringent and sedative (bark); antiscorbutic, emetic and laxative (leaves and fruits)

Abortifacient, anodyne, antispasmodic, astringent, nervine and sedative (root and stem bark)

Sedative, antispasmodic, cardiac, cytostatic, diuretic, hypotensive, narcotic, nervine, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator, emetic, anticancer and has a positve effect on arteriosclerosis (aerial part and leaf); hypotensive (leaf, wood and bark); diuretic and laxative (fruit); cardiotonic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic and purgative (fruit, leaf, wood and bark).

Anaphrodisiac, aphrodisiac, galactogogue, ophthalmic, sedative, stomachic, women's complaints (seeds and fruits)

Abortifacient, laxative, febrifugal, purgative and emollient (plant); hypothermic and sedative (plant-low dosage); excitedness (plant-high dosage); antisyphilitic (root)

Carminative, emetic, alterative, diuretic, antibilious, antiinflammatory, depresses the central nervous system and sedative (fruit); proteolytic (plant and fruit).

Abortifacient, adaptogen, antibiotic, astringent, deobstruent, narcotic, sedative, tonic, antitumor, stimulates the central nervous system, antihepatotoxic, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (leaf); stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk (plant); hypnotic (sedative), aphrodisiac, diuretic, antispasmodic, stimulates the immune system.

The whole plant is an active styptic for both local and general application. It is also diaphoretic, diuretic and sedative. An infusion of the root has been used as an emetic

Antiepileptic, sedative, laxative, diaphoretic, emollient, diuretic, sedative and antibilious (plant); antiinflammatory, antitumor and hypothermic (root); astringent, alterative, antisyphilitic and diuretic (leaves)

Analgesic, antialzheimeran, antiarthritic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antihelicobacter, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antiulcer, astringent, candidicide, depurative, fungicide, hemostatic, hypotensive, immunostimulant, sedative, tonic, trypanocide, uterotonic.

Antiarthritic, antiherpetic, antiinflammatory, antimelanomic, antitumor, antiviral, hemolytic, sedative

Antihelminthic and anti-diarrheic (boiled leaves); narcotic, tranquilliser, sedative, emollient and astringent (fruits)

Hypnotic, narcotic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (seeds); useful in arresting secretion or bleeding (bark); purifies the blood and aids digestion, increases the function of the brain by releasing more glutamic acid into the bloodstream (fruit); astringent and febrifuge (leaves); anodyne, anticancer, pectoral, refrigerant, sedative, stomachic, styptic and tonic (dried fruits).