Used as a tonic or a diuretic (fruit); diuretic and expectorant (leaf decoction); febrifuge (juice of macerated leaves); emetic and cathartic (bark)

Diuretic and antipyretic (decoction of whole plant); tonic (leaves); febrifuge (decoction of roots).

Analgesic, anaesthetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antidote, candidicide, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicide, hypotensive, myorelaxant, nematicide, narcotic, sedative, hallucinogenic, stimulant and pediculicide (leaves and whole plant)

Antibacterial, cholagogue, decongestant, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative and stomachic (plant); anticancer (stem)

Abortifacient, analgesic, antirheumatic, antitumor, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge and pectoral (plant)

Astringent and aphrodisiac (fruit); antipyretic (fruit and plant); anticancer and hypoglycemic (seed oil); antiinflammatory (plant).

Deobstruent, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue, sedative and vermifuge (pith)

Alterative, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, tonic and vulnerary.

On the nictating membrane, hypothermic, alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular and central nervous systems (plant).

Antiperiodic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic.

Acts as a vermifuge, antipyretic and anti-malaria (infusion of the stem).

As a bitter tonic and antipyretic (decoction of the bark)

Astringent, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic and styptic (bark)

Restorative and tonic (leaves); analgesic, antibacterial, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, depurative, emmenagogue, febrifuge, resolvent, tonic and vasodilator (flowering stem); cardiotonic and haemostatic (seeds)

Antileprotic and diaphoretic (root); diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part).

The leaves are credited with emollient, demulcent, and diuretic properties and are used to prepare emollient poultices; hypothermic and stimulates the central nervous system (plant)

Febrifuge (leaves and stem); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antifungal, depurative, emollient, expectorant and laxative (fruit); antibiotic, abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, oxytocic, sialagogue and uterine tonic (root); antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed)

Febrifuge (leaf, stem); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antifungal, depurative, emollient, expectorant and laxative (fruit); antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed); antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, oxytocic, sialagogue and uterine tonic (root)

Aanodyne, antiphlogistic, blood purifier, depurative, febrifuge, resolvent, diuretic and galactagogue (root); vermifuge (seed); bechic and expectorant (roots and seeds).

Hypothermic, depresses the central nervous system, alleviates spasms and diuretic (plant); detergent, depurative, alterative, tonic and sedative (flowers)