Abortifacient, analgesic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue, stimulant, tonic and vermifuge (decotion of plant); aromatic, astringent, diaphoretic, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and vermifuge (bark); carminative (fruit)

The seed is analgesic, demulcent, emollient, laxative, pectoral and resolvent; increases nerve strength (flower); emollient, expectorant, reduces fever, laxative, aphrodisiac, diuretic and carminative.

Anti-spasm, anti-fever, soothing, stomachic and nervine (plant)

Gentle sedative (plant); antispasmodic, febrifuge, sedative and stomachic (leaves and the flowering tops).

Useful as intestinal antiseptic and febrifuge (leaf decoction)

Anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant (plant)

Antitumor, cardiotonic, contraceptive, depurative and febrifuge (whole plant)

Cathartic, diaphoretic and emetic (root); analgesic and febrifuge (leaves)

Stomachic (roots); general tonic and febrifuge (stem bark)

Antiviral, as an anti-pyretic, stomachic (plant); diuretic (dried flowers); alterative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge (stem and flower buds)

Emetic and purgative (seeds); demulcent, diuretic, bitter-tonic and nutritive (fruit); abortifacient, antipyretic, expectorant, hypoglycemic, laxative, tonic and vermifuge.

Haemostat (seed); antibacterial, antipyretic, hepatic, hypoglycaemic and vasodilator (root bark); ACE Inhibitor, analgesic, antiaging, antibacterial, antipyretic, bitter, depurative, hemostat, hepatoprotective, hepatotonic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, immunosuppressive, mydriatic, nephrotonic, radioprotective, tonic (fruit).

Antiphlogistic, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and lithontripic (whole plant)

Emetic and antipyretic (roots)

Analgesic, anodyne, carminative, febrifuge, sedative and tonic (flowers and unopened flower buds)

Tonic or digestive (liqueur from flowers); antipyretic (infusion of leaves); anthelminthic in adults (infusion of seeds).

Antipyretic (leaves)

Febrifuge (tea of bark); diuretic (crushed seeds); sedative and soporific (fluid extract of the crushed seeds).

Alexeteric, antibilious, antipyretic, demulcent, depurative, hypocholesterolemic, rubefacient, vulnerary.

Stimulant, bitter, tonic, aromatic, emmenagogue, anodyne, antispasmodic, stomachic (plant); anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (flower).