All parts of the plant are antispasmodic, cardiotonic, strongly diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, laxative, Hear stimulant and sedative

The root, and a resin made from the root, is cholagogue, diuretic, laxative and strongly purgative. Anticonvulsive (EtOH plant extract); nicotinic (plant extract); induces gastrointestinal irritation (thus, it is considered toxic).

Strong antiseptic and expectorant (resin); antibacterial, carminative, diuretic, emetic, laxative, hydragogue, stimulant and urinary antiseptic.

Improves cardiac function (plant) and laxative (seed); demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, lactagogue, purgative, and tonic

Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, demulcent and expectorant (fruit)

The seed is aromatic, carminative, expectorant, narcotic, stimulant and stomachic. antibilious; increases the secretion of gastric juices, reduces fever, carminative and stimulant (fruit); diuretic and aphrodisiac (fruit and dried seed); fungitoxic against Helminthosporium oryzae (50% EtOH plant extract).

Antibacterial, antifungal, hypotensive, antitumor, astringent, diuretic, hepatic and tonic (fruit); astringent, antimalarial and tonic (stem bark); antibacterial, diuretic, hypotensive and a urinary antiseptic (plant)

Antibacterial, antifungal, hypotensive, antitumor, astringent, diuretic, hepatic and tonic (fruit); astringent, antimalarial and tonic (stem bark); antibacterial, diuretic, hypotensive and a urinary antiseptic (plant).

Alterative, antiperiodic, astringent, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, sedative, tonic; analgesic, antispasmodic and sedative (root)

Stimulating effect on the circulation and bile production, diuretic (dried or fresh leaves); astringent, diaphoretic, febrifuge, nutritive and odontalgic (bark, leaves, catkins and fruits)

Improves blood flow (by dilating the blood vessels and coronary arteries), strengthens the heart and aids in oxygenating the blood (the above effects are gradual); antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (fruit);

Antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (fruit); astringent (berk)

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Diuretic, antiinflammatory and depresses the central nervous system (50% EtOH plant extract); laxative (seed); nauseant, emetic, emollient and diaphoretic (bulb)

Carminative, depurative, digestive and diuretic (young growing tips)

The root has alternative, aphrodisiac, refrigerant, diuretic and tonic properties; depresses central nervous system, lowers blood pressure and antiamphetaminic (50% EtOH stem and root extract); stimulates lactation (plant).

Antitussive, digestive, febrifuge, vermifuge, diuretic and inhibits urease (seed); stomachic (fruit); expectorant and emetic (flowers)

The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge. hypothermic. The fruit is depurative, diuretic, emollient, purgative and resolvent; emollient and tones the skin. as well as protects it from the sun.

The seeds are diuretic, tonic, vermifuge, anthelmintic and influences muscle contractility of the frog heart (in vivo and in vitro).

Anthelmintic; antiparasitic, diuretic (seeds)