Antirheumatic, carminative, stimulant, antiseptic and anticancer (essential oil);

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, stimulant and tonic (leaf and its oil).

Nervine tonic, brain tonic, demulcent, anti-acidic, expectorant, antipyretic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, carminative and cardiac tonic.

Carminative, rubefacient, stimulant (leaves or flowering stems); stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue (oil); relaxant, stimulant, diffusive (plant); abortifacient, allergenic, analgesic, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, decongestant, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine.

Febrifuge (ground rhizome); carminative and anthelmintic (essential oil from the roots); aromatic, carminative and stomachic (seeds).

The rootstock is carminative, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. Vasodilator, alleviates spasms, hypoglycemic, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatory and stimulant (rhizome); anthelmintic and antimicrobial (essential oil from rhizome).

Acrid, antidysenteric, anthelmintic, astringent, reduces fever, tonic and increases the secretion of gastric juices (bark); slows down the growth of certain bacteria related to tuberculosis (conessine in bark) antiperiodic, aphrodisiac, bitter, carminative, expectorant, febrifuge.

Promote production of saliva, bile and other digestive enzymes, alterative, antidiarrheal, antiperiodic, antiseptic, aperient, apertif, astringent (mucous membranes in gut), blood cleanser, cancer treatment, carminative, cicatrizant, detergent and diuretic.

Stimulant, carminative, sudorific, antiseptic, sudorific, galactagogue and lactagogue (plant); antispasmodic and used in antirheumatic and antisuporific baths (leaves and tops)

Expectorant and stomach tonic (herb); antiseptic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, pectoral, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (leaves and flowering tops)

Oestrogenic agent, carminative, stimulant and stomachic (fruit); antidiarrhoeal (powder or decoction of the fruits); antibacterial (leaves and seeds); stimulant, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative, mildly expectorant and gastrointestinal spasmolytic (plant essential oil).

Oestrogenic agent, antibacterial, carminative, diuretic, odontalgic, stimulant, and stomachic (fruits); stimulant, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative, mildly expectorant and gastrointestinal spasmolytic (plant essential oil).

Antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, stomachic and tonic (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (root).

Anodyne, antiphlogistic, carminative, depurative, expectorant, dispels clots

Discutient and vulnerary (leaves); alterative, antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, nervine, stomachic, tonic and vulnerary (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (roots)

Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihistaminic, expectorant, anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic and febrifuge.

Carminative, diuretic and expectorant (tuber); cytotoxic (rhizome).

Anticholesterolemic, antidote (to most forms of poison), antivinous, carminative and hypoglycaemic (plant); antivinous, alexiteric and carminative (flowers); anthelmintic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, digestive, febrifuge and stomachic (dried and roasted seeds).

Antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, narcotic, parasiticide, stimulant and stomachic (leaves); antiseptic, aromatic, digestive, narcotic and stimulant (fruit)

Lowers blood pressure, sedative and diuretic. Antihalitosis, powerfully antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (oil)