Antibacterial, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, cooling, pectoral, sialagogue and vermifuge (unripe fruit); antispasmodic, carminative and febrifuge (half ripe smoke fruits)

Anthelmintic (bark and fruit rind); astringent and antibacterial (bark. seed oil. leaf. flower and fruit rind); carminative (seed); diuretic. hypothermic and depresses the central nervous system (aerial part), antiviral, astringent, cardiac, demulcent, emmenagogue, refrigerant, stomachic, vermifuge.

Antipyretic (seed); carminative (leaf); anthelmintic (flower, seed and leaf)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive and diuretic (root); eliminates toxins from the body, shows anti-tumour activity (plant); diuretic and laxative (fresh leaf juice); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seed).

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Astringent, carminative, diuretic, laxative, ophthalmic and tonic (petals, hips and galls); vermifuge (seeds)

Bitter, astringent, sweet, cooling emollient aromatic, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, digestive, carminative, aphrodisiac, depurative, febrifuge, intellect promoting styptic (flowers)

Emmenagogue and depurative (fruits, root and leaves); astringent (root bark); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, astringent, carminative, diuretic and stomachic (dried fruit); vulnerary (leaves).

Stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, diuretic, carminative, stimulates the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, antioxidant, antiseptic and slightly inflammatory.

Sedative, antibacterial, abortifacient, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms, stimulant and diuretic (plant); antirheumatic, antihysteric and analgesic (leaf); antiepileptic, rubefacient and anthelmintic (volatile oil); antidote, antispasmodic, carminative, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, haemostatic, homeopathy, ophthalmic, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.

Antiviral (root); as a tonic and stimulant in low fevers and as an emmenagogue (bark); ascarifuge (stem bark); antiscorbutic and astringent (leaves); deobstruent, carminative, diuretic, lithontriptic, and stomachic (fruits); purgative, diuretic and tonic (seed)

Antiseptic and antiasthmatic (leaf and flower); lowers blood sugar (leaf); antihydrotic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, galactofuge, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator, laxative, alleviates spasms and reduces fever and nausea (plant); kills insects and carminative (essential oil).

Antispasmodic, astringent and carminative (plant); antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, pectoral and tonic (whole plant and leaves)

Astringent (fruit pulp); stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic and tonic (root)

Inhibit reverse transcriptase, adjuvant, alterative, analgesic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antihemorrhagic, aphrodisiac, blood cleanser, carminative, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat and laxative.

Alterative, antibacterial, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, stimulant.

Diuretic and sedative (essential oil); anticancer, anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, digestive, diuretic, laxative, stomachic, sudorific and vermifuge (plant); antiseptic and carminative (flower)

Depresses central nervous system (rhizome); anodyne, antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root).