Abortifacient and aphrodisiac (plant); anthelmintic, narcotic, alterative, lactagogue, antispasmodic, hypnotic, anodyne, emetic, alleviates spasms, narcotic and kills certain insects (seed); antimicrobial, hypertensive, stimulates motor tracts of the central nervous system, acts as an MAO inhibitor, diuretic, stupefacient,diaphoretic.

Diuretic, stomachic, febrifuge, abortifacient and anti-aphrodisiac (leaves)

Muscle tonic, hypocholesterolemic, cellular oxygenation, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumorous, anticancerous, antileukemic, aphrodisiac, immunomodulator (selectively modulates overactive immune cells), steroidal.

Demulcent, cooling, aphrodisiac, lactagogue and nervine tonic

Aphrodisiac, antibilious & mild sedative agent.

Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Aphrodisiac, contraceptive, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, estrogenic, expectorant, laxative, pectoral, purgative, refrigerant

Carminative, stimulant, antibacterial and inhibits tumor growth (leaf); anthelmintic, respiratory and cardiac depressant, alleviates spasms and antiseptic (essential oil); contraceptive (root); aphrodisiac and astringent.

Stomachic, refrigerant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, tonic, antipyretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic and antitussive (leaves); tonic, sedative, tranquillizer, aphrodisiac, antitussive and haemostatic (seeds)

Diuretic, carminative, stimulant (aerial parts); emmenagogue (leaves); antiseptic and aphrodisiac (oil).

Analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, astringent, depurative, emetic, laxative, sedative, tonic, vulnerary.

Diuretic (plant); astringent, demulcent, hypoglycemic, increases nerve strength and aphrodisiac (rhizome)

Anthelminthic, antibacterial, anticancer, antiedemic, anti-HIV, antiinflammatory, antileukemic, antimalarial, antimelanomic, antinociceptive, antiplasmodial, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, aphrodisiac, apoptotic, cytotoxic, depurative, phospholipase-A2 inhibitor (flowers, pods, seeds and roots).

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, cytotoxic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, infertility, kidney, odontalgic, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

Revulsive, depurative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, antiparasitic, and anticancerous (plant); antiseptic (root and leaf) and antiparasitic (root).

Aphrodisiac, hallucinogen, narcotic and poison

Bitter, astringent, sweet, cooling emollient aromatic, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, digestive, carminative, aphrodisiac, depurative, febrifuge, intellect promoting styptic (flowers)

Aphrodisiac (seed)

Its roots are considered as cooling, demulcent and diuretic and the stems sweet, laxative, diuretic cooling and aphrodisiac.