Reduces fever, antiasthmatic, stimulates the central nervous system, antidysenteric, antimicrobial, alleviates spasms and hypoglycemic (root); hypotensive (rhizome).

Antidiarrheal, astringent, anti-inflammatory and reduces fever (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system, alleviates spasms and cytotoxic (plant); inhibits effects of adrenergic chemicals (aerial part).

Analgesic, antiallergic, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antithromboxane, antitumor, carminative, diuretic, hypotensive, immunodepressant, laxative, myorelaxant.

Stomachic, febrifuge, anticholeric and tonic (seeds and bark); stomachic and febrifuge (seeds, roots and wood); tonic and vermifuge (seeds).

Bitter tonic, stomachic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, appetizer, laxative, alterative, antidiarrhoeic, antiperiodic.

Used as a tonic or a diuretic (fruit); diuretic and expectorant (leaf decoction); febrifuge (juice of macerated leaves); emetic and cathartic (bark)

Diuretic and antipyretic (decoction of whole plant); tonic (leaves); febrifuge (decoction of roots).

Analgesic, anaesthetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antidote, candidicide, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicide, hypotensive, myorelaxant, nematicide, narcotic, sedative, hallucinogenic, stimulant and pediculicide (leaves and whole plant)

Antiviral (flower); laxative and reduces fever (fruit pulp); astringent (seed); refrigerants in fevers and as laxatives and carminatives.

Antibacterial, cholagogue, decongestant, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative and stomachic (plant); anticancer (stem)

Abortifacient, analgesic, antirheumatic, antitumor, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge and pectoral (plant)

Astringent and aphrodisiac (fruit); antipyretic (fruit and plant); anticancer and hypoglycemic (seed oil); antiinflammatory (plant).

Deobstruent, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue, sedative and vermifuge (pith)

Alterative, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, tonic and vulnerary.

Antiperiodic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic.

Acts as a vermifuge, antipyretic and anti-malaria (infusion of the stem).

As a bitter tonic and antipyretic (decoction of the bark)

Astringent, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic and styptic (bark)

Restorative and tonic (leaves); analgesic, antibacterial, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, depurative, emmenagogue, febrifuge, resolvent, tonic and vasodilator (flowering stem); cardiotonic and haemostatic (seeds)

Febrifuge (leaves and stem); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antifungal, depurative, emollient, expectorant and laxative (fruit); antibiotic, abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, oxytocic, sialagogue and uterine tonic (root); antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed)