Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root).

The plant is anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, febrifuge, emmenagogue, parasiticide and refrigerant.

The plant is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and antiseptic. antiulcerative; antihepatotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and kills molluscs (root and leaf); lowers blood sugar (leaf); antidropsical, astringent and diuretic.

Bitter in taste, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and antiseptic (plant).

The plant has astringent, deobstruent, stomachic, carminative, diuretic, febrifugal, antiseptic, cooling properties, antidropsical, antigonorrheic and antibacterial (plant)

Antipyretic and diuretic (leaves); antipyretic, antitussive, expectorant and sedative (juice of the stems); antiemetic, depurative and sedative (epidermis of the stem bark); astringent, antipyretic, diuretic and styptic (root).

Antipyretic and diuretic (leaves); antipyretic, antitussive, expectorant and sedative (juice of the stems); antiemetic and sedative (epidermis of the stem bark); astringent, antipyretic, depurative, diuretic and styptic (roots).

Antiphlogistic, antipyretic, antitussive and expectorant (whole plant); febrifuge and slightly tonic (leaves and stems).

Diuretic, expectorant and febrifuge (plant).

Analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, candidicide, carminative, depurative, digestive, fungicide, hypotensive, irritant, larvicide, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

Allergenic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiseptic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.

Antiemetic, antiphlogistic, expectorant, febrifuge, sialagogue and styptic (root); analgesic, antiemetic, anticancer and sedative (plant extract).

Carminative (fruit), stimulant, diuretic, lowers blood pressure and reduces fever (root), analgesic (root and fruit), antimicrobial (essential oil), hypoglycemic and induces spasms (plant) antitubercular and hematinic.

Used as a febrifuge and in large amounts as a general antidote (bark).

Stomachic, refrigerant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, tonic, antipyretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic and antitussive (leaves); tonic, sedative, tranquillizer, aphrodisiac, antitussive and haemostatic (seeds)

Diaphoretic, antipyretic and astringent (leaf and root); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part); antidysenteric and nervine tonic (leaf).

Cholinergic and relaxes smooth muscles, antipyretic, analgesic, laxative and nervine tonic (plant); antiinflammatory (stem); antiimplantation (aerial part); succulent, aperient (leaves); alexiteric, antipyretic, bitter, laxative and thermogenic (root)

Alternative, antipyretic, astringent, diaphoretic, expectorant