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Home » Plant infomation

Aegle marmelos  (L.) Corrêa

   

Botanical Name

:

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa

English Name

:

Bael Tree, Wood apple, Bengal Quince

Synonym(s)

:

Belou marmelos (L.) A. Lyons, Crataeva marmelos L., Crateva marmelos L., Cydonia indica Spach., Feronia pellucida Roth

Family

:

Rutaceae

 

General Info

Description

Deciduous, 6–8 meters in height with trifoliate aromatic leaves. The branches sometimes bear long straight spines. The bark is shallowly furrowed and corky. The bisexual flowers are nearly 2 cm wide, borne in clusters, sweet scented and greenish white. The shallow calyx has 5 short sepals and is pubescent on the outside. The 5 petals are oblong ovoid, blunt, thick, pale greenish white and dotted with oil glands. Stamens are numerous, sometimes coherent in bundles. Ovary are oblong ovoid, slightly tapering, axis wide, cells numerous (8–20), small arranged in a circle with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruits are 5–7.5 cm in diameter, globose, oblong pyriform, rind gray or yellow, pulp sweet, thick yellow, orange to brown in color. Seeds are numerous and arranged in the cells surrounded by a slimy transparent mucilage. Seeds have wooly hairs.

Herb Effects

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).

Links

Bael
Beal fruit
Herbal Monograph
Kuvalam

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

Skimmianine, umbelliferone, coumarins, aegelin, lupeol and alkaloids (leaf); gamma and beta-sitosterol (bark and root); psoralin, xanthotoxin, scopoletin and tembamide (root); marmarin (fruit).

Chemistry of Active Ingredients
Product Categories

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Product Categories
Skimmianine 83-95-4 Not available C14H13NO4 Click Here To Enlarge
Umbelliferone 93-35-6 2-hydroxychromen-7-o
ne
C9H6O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Coumarins 81-81-2 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1
-phenyl-butyl)-chrom
en-4-one
C19H16O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Lupeol Not Available Not Available C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Xanthotoxin 298-81-7 Not Availbale C12H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Scopoletin 92-61-5 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-
chromen-7-one
C10H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Tembamide 50802-66-9 N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-me
thoxyphenyl)-ethyl]b
enzamide
C16H17NO3 Click Here To Enlarge
Beta-Sitosterol 5779-62-4 17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14, 15,16,17
-dodecahydro-1H-cycl
openta[a]phenanthren
-3-ol
C29H50O Click Here To Enlarge
gamma-Sitosterol 83-46-5 17-(4-ethyl-1,5-dime
thyl-hexyl)-10,13-di
methyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,1
0,11,12,13 ,14,15,1
6,17-tetradecahydro-
1H-cyclopenta[a]phen
anthren-3-ol
C29H50O Click Here To Enlarge

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

In ophthalmia and jaundice (leaf); in constipation, cholera, dysentery, diarrhea and intestinal ulcers (fruit); leucoderma, to alleviate asthma (leaf decoction); in diabetes (root bark); in scurvy (fruit pulp).

Contraindication

The leaves are said to cause abortion and sterility in women. The bark is used as a fish poison in the Celebes. Tannin, ingested frequently and in quantity over a long period of time, is antinutrient and carcinogenic.

Reference

Chandel et al., Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.


Uniyal et al., Medicinal Flora of Garhwal Himalayas.

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