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Panax pseudoginseng var. notoginseng Wall.


Botanical Name	:	Panax pseudoginseng var. notoginseng Wall.
English Name	:	Notoginseng, Sanchi ginseng, San-qi ginseng, South China ginseng, Tien-qi ginseng, Yunnan ginseng
Synonym(s)	:	Aralia quinquefolia (Linnaeus) Decaisne & Planchon var. notoginseng Burkill, Panax pseudoginseng Wallich var. notoginseng (Burkill) G. Hoo & C. J. Tseng.
Family	:	Araliaceae

General Info

Description

Herbs, perennial, 20-60 cm tall. Rootstock fleshy, roots 1 to numerous, fusiform. Leaves 3-6, verticillate at apex of stem, palmately compound; petiole base without stipule or stipulelike appendages; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong, 3.5-13 × 1.5-7 cm, membranous, both surfaces sparsely setose on veins, base oblique, margin biserrate, setose, apex acuminate or long acuminate. Inflorescence a solitary, terminal umbel 80-100(or more)-flowered; peduncle 7-25 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; pedicels 1-2 cm, slender, slightly pubescent; filaments ca. as long as petals; ovary 2-carpellate; styles 2, united at least to middle, divergent in fruit. Fruit red, compressed globose-nephroid, ca. 1 cm in diam.; seeds 2, triangular-ovoid, slightly 3-ridged, thickness 5-6 mm.

Herb Effects

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, astringent, cardiotonic, discutient, diuretic, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (roots); antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, cardiotonic, diuretic, haemostatic and hypoglycaemic (roots and flowers)

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Flora of China

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

Beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside, quercetin (root)

Chemistry of Active Ingredients

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Beta-sitosterol

5779-62-4

17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14,

C₂₉H₅₀O

Daucosterol

474-58-8

2-[[17-(4-ethyl-1,5-
dimethyl-hexyl)-10,1
3-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8
,9,10,11,1 2,13,14,
15,16,17-tetradecahy
dro-1H-cyclopenta[a]
phenanthren-3-yl]oxy
]- 6-(hydroxymethyl
)tetrahydropyran-3,4
,5-triol

C₃₅H₆₀O₆

Ginsenoside Rb1

Not Available

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[
2-[(3S,8R,10S,13R)-3
-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4
,5-dihydro xy-6-(hy
droxymethyl)-3-[(2R,
3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-t
rihydroxy-6-(hydroxy
me thyl)oxan-2-yl]o
xy-oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-
hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-
pentamethyl-2, 3,5,
6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16
,17-dodecahydro-1H-c
yclopenta[a]phenanth
ren-17 -yl]-6-methy
l-hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy
-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R
)-3,4,5-trihydroxy
-6-(hydroxymethyl)ox
an-2-yl]oxymethyl]ox
ane-3,4,5-triol

C₅₄H₉₂O₂₃

Ginsenoside Rb2

75139-47-8

(2S,3R,5R,6R)-2-[(2S
)-2-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10
S,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3
-[(2R,3R,4 S,5R,6R)
-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hy
droxymethyl)-3-[(2S,
3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-t
ri hydroxy-6-(hydro
xymethyl)oxan-2-yl]o
xy-oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-
hydroxy-4,4,8, 10,1
4-pentamethyl-2,3,5,
6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16
,17-dodecahydro-1H-c
yclope nta[a]phenan
thren-17-yl]-6-methy
l-hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy
-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S)
-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxa
n-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxa
ne-3,4,5-triol

C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂

Ginsenoside Re

Not Available

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[
(2S)-2-[(3S,5S,6S,8R
,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,
17S)-6-[(2 R,3R,4S,
5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy
-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3
-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3
,4 ,5-trihydroxy-6-
methyl-oxan-2-yl]oxy
-oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,12-
dihydroxy-4,4, 8,10
,14-pentamethyl-2,3,
5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,
16,17-dodecahydro-1H
-cyclo penta[a]phen
anthren-17-yl]-6-met
hyl-hept-5-en-2-yl]o
xy-6-(hydroxymethy
l)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈

Ginsenoside RG1

75139-45-6

2-[2-[3,12-dihydroxy
-4,4,7,10,14-pentame
thyl-6-[3,4,5-trihyd
roxy-6-(hy droxymet
hyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,
2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,
13,15,16,17-tetradec
ah ydrocyclopenta[a
]phenanthren-17-yl]-
6-methyl-hept-5-en-2
-yl]oxy-6-(hyd roxy
methyl)oxane-3,4,5-t
riol

C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄

Ginsenoside RG2

52286-74-5

(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-[
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[
[(6R,10R,12S,14R)-3,
12-dihydro xy-17-[(
E,2S)-2-hydroxy-6-me
thyl-oct-5-en-2-yl]-
4,4,10,14-tetramethy
l- 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,
11,12,13,15,16,17-te
tradecahydrocyclopen
ta[a]phenanthr en-6
-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydro
xy-6-(hydroxymethyl)
oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-meth
yl-oxa ne-3,4,5-tri
ol

C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃

Ginsenoside

74749-74-9

(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,14R
,17S)-17-(2-hydroxy-
6-methyl-hept-5-en-2
-yl)-4,4,8 ,10,14-p
entamethyl-2,3,5,6,7
,9,11,12,13,15,16,17
-dodecahydro-1H-cycl
op enta[a]phenanthr
en-3-ol

C₃₀H₅₂O₂

Quercetin

Not Available

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy
-chromen-7-one

C₁₅H₁₀O₇

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

The roots are used in the treatment of contused wounds, soft tissue injuries and all kinds of bleeding, both internal and external, like haematuria, nose bleeds, haematemesis, uterine bleeding etc. They are also used in the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. The roots can be applied externally as a poultice in order to help speed the healing of wounds and bruises. It has attained an importance as a tonic medicine that supports the function of the adrenal glands, in particular the production of corticosteroids and male sex hormones. It also helps to improve blood flow through the coronary arteries, thus finding use as a treatment for arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure and angina.

Reference

James A Duke and Maryl Fulton. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs - 2nd Edition, P: 733, CRC Press July 2002.

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