Antiinflammatory, disinfectant, odontalgic, stomachic, vulnerary

Antispasmodic and carminative (leaf); barbiturate potentiation (leaf alcohol extract)antiperiodic, astringent, carminative, expectorant, stomachic, tonic.

Stomachic (root)

Demulcent (leaves); diuretic, emollient, laxative and stomachic (seed)

Appetizer, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stomachic and tonic (leaves and flowering stems)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, odontalgic, stomachic and tonic (whole plant)

Diuretic, odontalgic, rubefacient and stomachic (herb)

Stomachic, emmenagogue and anthelminthic (root)

Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Stomachic and diuretic (decoction of fresh leaves).

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).

Sedative and stomachic (herb)

Antibacterial, antifungal, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, febrifuge and stomachic (leaves and stem)

Anodyne, antifungal, antiphlogistic, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative, galactogogue, resolvent, stimulant, stomachic and vulnerary (stems); antirheumatic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, stomachic and tonic (fruit)

Purgative, stomachic, antidote, vermifuge and aphrodisiac (bark decoction); expectorant (ground roots)

Bitter, diuretic, narcotic and tonic (root); stomachic (infusion of the leaves).

Stomachic (bark)

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)

Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, homeopathic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, lithontripic, stomachic, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidysenteric, reduces fever, helps prevent snakebite, sedative, stimulant, increases the secretion of gastric juices. mild counter-irritant, lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar, antifungal.

Antibacterial, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, galactogogue, stomachic, vermifuge and vulnerary (bulb); as a children's sedative (tea made from roots).