Antispasmodic, astringent and carminative (plant); antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, pectoral and tonic (whole plant and leaves)

Astringent (fruit pulp); stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic and tonic (root)

Diuretic and sedative (essential oil); anticancer, anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, digestive, diuretic, laxative, stomachic, sudorific and vermifuge (plant); antiseptic and carminative (flower)

Depresses central nervous system (rhizome); anodyne, antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root).

Diuretic (leaf); alleviates spasms, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic (pain-reliever), antispasmodic, anticancerous (plant); anti-diabetes mellitus (leaf and stem)

Anticholinergic, antispasmodic, bitter, cerebrosedative, diuretic, hypnotic, intoxicant, mydriatic, myorelaxant, narcotic, parasympatholytic, positive chronotropic, positive dromotropic, sedative and toxic (dried root)

Inhibit HIV infection in human T lymphocyte cells and mononuclear phagocytic lineage cells; anodyne, antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, laxative, nervine, mildly sedative, stomachic and tonic (roots)

Counteracts hyperactivity due to amphetamines and alleviates spasms (aerial part); laxative (leaf); astringent and purgative (root)

Alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system and antiinflammatory; emollient, resolvent and vumerary (plant)

Aleviates spasms, depresses the central nervous system, diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part); hemolytic (flower); alexeteric, laxative, and intellectually stimulating (fruits); alexeteric, anthelmintic (leaves)

Aphrodisiac (seed); alleviates spasms, contraceptive, diuretic, antiprotozoal and cholinergic (plant); reduces fever (root).

Anthelmintic, antifungal, alleviates spasms, antiinflammatory and antibacterial (plant); depresses the central nervous system and sedative (root).

Stimulates the cardiovascular system, hypoglycemic and alleviates spasms (plant); demulcent and refrigerant (leaves); astringent and cooling (fruits)

Stimulates the cardiovascular system, hypoglycemic, antiseptic, alleviates spasms, antiviral, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic and sialagogue (plant)

Alterative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, stimulant, styptic and tonic (root)

Antihemorrhagic, pungent, demulcent, antispasmodic and antihepatotoxic (seed); sudorific, aperient, diaphoretic and gentle laxative (leaf); astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (plant)

Antirheumatic, antibilious, laxative, diuretic, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous system.

The whole plant is antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, narcotic, purgative and sedative; diuretic (leaf); extracts of the plant are analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator.

Anticancer (fruit and plant); alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system and antiarrhythmic (fruit); antiviral and spermicidal (plant); expectorant and carminative (plant).

The plant has sedative, diuretic and digestive properties; alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system and respiration (aerial part). The leaves have haemostatic properties.