The plant is alterative, demulcent, refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, reduces fever and alleviates spasms.

Demulcent, refrigerant.

Aphrodisiac, contraceptive, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, estrogenic, expectorant, laxative, pectoral, purgative, refrigerant

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root).

The plant is anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, febrifuge, emmenagogue, parasiticide and refrigerant.

Diuretic, alterative, depurative, refrigerant and odontalgic (decoction of the leaves or bark)

The leaves are astringent, demulcent, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic and refrigerant.

Stomachic, refrigerant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, tonic, antipyretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic and antitussive (leaves); tonic, sedative, tranquillizer, aphrodisiac, antitussive and haemostatic (seeds)

Anthelmintic (bark and fruit rind); astringent and antibacterial (bark. seed oil. leaf. flower and fruit rind); carminative (seed); diuretic. hypothermic and depresses the central nervous system (aerial part), antiviral, astringent, cardiac, demulcent, emmenagogue, refrigerant, stomachic, vermifuge.

Astringent, antiseptic, antifungal, antiinflammatory and keratolytic; astringent and laxative (fruit); anthelmintic, refrigerant and soporific (bark, root bark)

Sternutatory (roots); coolant (plant); laxative (seeds).

Alterative, antiseptic, astringent, galactogogue, haemostatic, rubefacient and tonic (bark or root bark); appetizer, astringent, diuretic and emetic (tea made from the roots); diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, purgative and refrigerant (berries)

Depurative and stomachic (plant); astringent, diuretic, laxative and refrigerant (fresh or dried leaves); astringent, diuretic and haemostatic (infusion of root).

Diuretic (fresh juice of the leaves); antipyretic, antitumor, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, hemostatic, laxative, peristaltic and refrigerant (whole plant); astringent (root)

Astringent, refrigerant, styptic and tonic (leaves); anodyne, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, haemostatic, tonic and vulnerary (root)

Alterative, antibacterial, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, stimulant.

Astringent, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue and expectorant (plant); coolant and astringent (juice of the plant).

Appetizer, astringent, digestive, diuretic, emollient, refrigerant and stomachic.

Stimulates the cardiovascular system, hypoglycemic and alleviates spasms (plant); demulcent and refrigerant (leaves); astringent and cooling (fruits)

Anthelmintic (seed and root); diuretic, hypoglycemic and aphrodisiac (plant); antibacterial and antifungal (essential oil); depurifies the body, alterant, depurative, refrigerant and tonic (flower).