Laxative, reduces blood cholesterol and alleviates spasms (seed); kills bacteria, diaphoretic, diuretic and neutralizes uric acid.

Diuretic and laxative (bark)

Laxative, diuretic (fruit pulp); antiviral (aerial part); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system; toxic (to fish) (fruit juice); anthelmintic eaf paste)

Anticancer, antiviral and lowers blood sugar (stem bark and pod), laxative and antiinflammatory (pod pulp), reduces total lipids, reduces total cholesterol everywhere but the brain, improves the level of triglycerides.

As a laxative (decoction of leaves and fruit pulp)

Purgative and diuretic (whole plant); aphrodisiac, diuretic, laxative (roots); diuretic and antipyretic (leaves); anthelminthic (fruits); laxative (yellow pulp around the seeds and an infusion of the pods)

Antiseptic, antidote to snake bites, laxative, sedative and vermifuge (bark)

The seeds are acrid, bitter, thermogenic, emollient, stimulant, intellect promoting, digestive, laxative, emetic, expectorant, appetizer, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, febrifuge and tonic, improves learning and memory and shows cognitive enhancing abilities through an anti-cholinesterase-like mechanism.

Diaphoretic, diuretic and emetic (root); analgesic, antipyretic, astringent, cardioactive, cholagogue, depurative, emmenagogue, laxative.

Antiprotozoal, alleviates spasms and sedative (plant); on keratinization and collagen synthesis (stimulates hair and nail growth and provides support for the repair of cartilagen); neutralizes acids in the blood, antiinflammatory, laxative (mild), diuretic, antispasmodic.

As a laxative and emetic (leaves and bark); purgative (roots and bark); abortifacient (decoction of inner bark)

Antipyretic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, laxative and narcotic (plant)

Anti-depressant, laxative, antibilious, aperient, appetizer, cathartic, cholagogue, detergent, tonic, vermifuge (herb).

Depresses the central nervous system, purifies blood, laxative, anthelmintic and cardiotonic (plant); anti-scorbutic, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, mildly laxative, odontalgic (leaves)

Antiseptic, carminative, diuretic and laxative (bulb)

Purifying agent (leaf) and laxative (seed).

Laxative (plant and bark); stimulates secretion of gastric juices and insecticidal (flower); purgative (bark); aromatic, bitter and stomachic (flowers)

Allergenic, antibilious, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antiradicular, antiviral, bitter, carminative, chemopreventive, choleretic, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, gastrostimulant, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, immunostimulant, laxative, lipolytic, phagocytotic, probiotigenic, stimulant, tonic.

Carminative (seed); promotes or stimulates the flow of bile and gastric juices, protects the liver, diuretic, laxative, purifies the blood, coolant, sedative, diaphoretic, antiinflammatory and antispermatogenic. Appetizer, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, laxative and tonic (root and leaves)

Alterative, analgesic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, astringent, blood cleanser, cardiac, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, sedative, stimulant, sudorific and tonic.