Anti-asthmatic, anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, febrifuge, galactogogue, haemostatic, ophthalmic and oxytocic (bulb)

Anthelmintic and febrifuge (stem bark); anthelmintic and antifebrile (root bark); antipruritic (thorns on the plant); antibacterial, antifungal, antitussive, astringent, emetic, expectorant, haemostatic and stimulant (fruit); emetic, expectorant, decongestant and purgative (seed);

Abortifacient, astringent, antifungal, contraceptive, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, hemostatic, lactagogue, oxytocic, pectoral, uterotonic and vasoconstrictor

Astringent, haemostatic, sedative and tonic (bark).

Anticholinergic, antidote, antispasmodic, anxiolytic, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, hallucinogen, hemostatic, laxative, myorelaxant, narcotic, psychomimetic, sedative, tonic, tranquilizer, vasodilator and vulnerary (leaves)

Analgesic, anorectic, fumitory and hemostatic (plant)

As a tonic, fungicidal, bactericidal and haemostatic (flowers)

Antihemorrhagic (boiled seeds).

Emetic and haemostatic (leaves)

Purifies blood slightly diuretic and antiseptic; astringent (plant); mild astringent, haemostatic, hypnotic and depurative (flowers)

Astringent, balsamic, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and vulnerary (bark); antiseptic, balsamic, diuretic, haemostatic, rubefacient and vermifuge (resin)

Considered as a vulnerary (decoction of roots, twigs and leaves); haemostatic (pounded roots).

Analgesic, antibacterial, emmenagogue, haemostatic, nervine, oxytocic, sedative and vasodilator (root)

Anodyne, antiphlogistic, astringent, balsamic and haemostatic (stem); antirheumatic, diuretic and galactogogue (fruit)

Sedative, thyrotropic, cardioactive diuretic, peripheral vasoconstrictor, antitussive, antihaemorrhagic; astringent, hypoglycaemic, mild narcotic and mild sedative (whole plant).

Aromatic, balsamic, haemostatic and tonic (leaves); antiseptic (oil); carminative (fruit)

Antidote, arsenic, antidote, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hemostatic, toxic and vermifuge.

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic and stimulant (roots and flowers)

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, astringent, cardiotonic, discutient, diuretic, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (roots); antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, cardiotonic, diuretic, haemostatic and hypoglycaemic (roots and flowers)

Antibacterial, anticoagulant, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge haemostatic and resolvent (root); antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatic and sedative (whole plant)