Antibacterial, adntiscorbutic, aperient, disinfectant, depurative, discutient, diuretic, rubefacient, stomachic and stimulant (plant)

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, depurative, diuretic, purgative, refrigerant and stomachic as an emollient (oil extract) on the immune system, The milky juice is a refrigerant.

Depurative, diuretic and febrifuge (leaves); antibacterial (plant extract); diuretic (aerial parts).

Astringent, blood purifier, expectorant and tonic (leaves)

Rhizome is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling, purgative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge, expectorant, tonicanthelmintic, antiinflammatory, stimulant, antifertility and anticholinesterase activity; alleviates spasms and lowers blood pressure (seed); astringent (root).

Carminative, depurative, digestive and diuretic (young growing tips)

The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge. hypothermic. The fruit is depurative, diuretic, emollient, purgative and resolvent; emollient and tones the skin. as well as protects it from the sun.

Depurative and anthelmintic (rhizome)

Depurative, diuretic and febrifuge (root); antitussive and sialagogue (stem)

Astringent, diuretic, ophthalmic, alterative, anabolic, antiseptic, aperient, cyanogenetic, demulcent, depurative, emollient, sudorific, vulnerary, hypoglycemic.

Analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antiviral, depurative, febrifuge and haemostatic (rhizome)

Anodyne, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, depurative and ophthalmic (flowers, stem)

Anodyne, detergent and diuretic (plant)

Diuretic, detergent, anodyne and poultice.

Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, febrifuge, ophthalmic, refrigerant and sedative (flower heads).

Astringent (fruit and stem bark); acrid, bitter and oleaginous (unripe fruit); cooling, anti-inflammatory, constipating, depurative and febrifuge (bark); diuretic, carminative, laxative, ophthalmic and stypic (leaves); diuretic and aphrodisiac (flowers).

Anticoagulant, antiseptic, depurative and febrifuge (whole plant)

Kills nematodes, antihepatotoxic, depurative, antiinflammatory, antiviral, absorbent, relieves pain, ovicidal, stimulates the cardiovascular system, alleviates spasms (plant); laxative and emetic (root).

Diuretic, febrifuge and emetic (decoction of plant); diuretic and antihepatic (entire plant); as vulnerary (leaves); tonic and depurative (aerial parts).

Blood purifier, diuretic and tonic (stems).