The pods are considered to possess astringent, demulcent and pectoral properties.

The seed is demulcent, emollient, laxative, nutritive and pectoral; eliminates stones in the urinary tract, diuretic, strengthens nerves and tonic to the brain.

Antiinflammatory and antiseptic (salted fruit); antipyretic, antiseptic, emetic, ophthalmic; analgesic, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, sedative and vulnerary (seed)

Analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, antitussive, aperient, emollient and haemolytic (seeds)

Aperient, carminative, demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, lenitive and ophthalmic (kernels)

Demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (leaves, bark, flowers and kernels); vermicidal and insecticidal (leaf); diuretic, sedative and vermifuge (flowers); alterative, astringent, demulcent and sedative (gum from the stems); antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative and sedative (seeds); demulcent, diuretic, expectorant and sedative (bark).

A mild adaptogen, demulcent, immune tonic, nutritive and pectoral (root)

Emetic, demulcent, antirheumatic, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk (root); lowers blood sugar and antiimplantation (tuber).

Healing, antiinflammatory and expectorant; astringent, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, mildly expectorant and resolvent (leaves and flowering shoots)

Anthelmintic (bark and fruit rind); astringent and antibacterial (bark. seed oil. leaf. flower and fruit rind); carminative (seed); diuretic. hypothermic and depresses the central nervous system (aerial part), antiviral, astringent, cardiac, demulcent, emmenagogue, refrigerant, stomachic, vermifuge.

Anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic (root)

Anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antitumour, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic (root).

Laxative (seed oil); lowers blood sugar (leaf and stem); diuretic and poisonous (can be fatal) (seed); antiviral and stimulates milk production and flow (leaf decoction); anticancer and antiprotozoal (stem and root); kills bacteria, contraceptive, emollient.

Bitter, astringent, sweet, cooling emollient aromatic, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, digestive, carminative, aphrodisiac, depurative, febrifuge, intellect promoting styptic (flowers)

Anodyne, astringent and depurative (leaves and roots); expectorant (decoction of roots); demulcent (syrup of fruit).

Its roots are considered as cooling, demulcent and diuretic and the stems sweet, laxative, diuretic cooling and aphrodisiac.

Demulcent, antigonorrheic and antidiarrheal (seed).

Alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system and antiinflammatory; emollient, resolvent and vumerary (plant)

Emollient, diuretic, lactagogue, aphrodisiac, analgesic.

Appetizer, astringent, digestive, diuretic, emollient, refrigerant and stomachic.