Cardiotonic (wood alcohol extract); stimulant, antiasthmatic, carminative, tonic, aphorodisiac and astringent

Analgesic, antiinflammatory, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (root)

Diuretic (flowers); anodyne, antiphlogistic and carminative (whole plant)

Carminative, emmenagogue and febrifuge (whole plant); a violent abortive (roots)

As a tonic, carminative and emmenagogue (powdered roots)

Antibacterial and antifungal (essential leaf oil); analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility, antiseptic, antispasmodic, stimulant, carminative, promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, deobstruent (of bowel), diuretic, reduces fever, narcotic.

Analgesic, analeptic, antibacterial, antihistaminic, antiinflammatory, antiitch, antiseptic, carminative, decongestant. depurative, emetic, narcotic and stimulant.

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge. antifungal (essential plant oil); contraceptive (plant); hepatoprotective (methanol extract).

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, purgative, stimulant, slightly tonic (plant); appetizer, diuretic, haemostatic and stomachic (leaves); antirheumatic, antispasmodic, and stomachic (stem)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, irritant, powerfully stimulant, stomachic and tonic (root)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic (tea made from the roots)

Astringent, anthelmintic, carminative, laxative.

Aperient, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, stimulates the cardiovascular system, respiration and alleviates spasms (root).

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, contraceptive (according to the Himalaya Drug Co.. see Miscellaneous field below).

Carminative and diuretic (plant); insecticidal (against Earias vittella adults)(essential leaf oil); antibacterial and antifungal (oil)

Stomachic, carminative and aphrodisiac (rhizomes and roots).

Carminative, emetic, hallucinogen, intoxicant, narcotic, psychotropic, sedative, vermifuge.

Alterative, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiviral, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, haemolytic, hepatic, pectoral, sedative (root)

Alterative, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiviral, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, haemolytic, hepatic, pectoral, sedative (root)

Organic extract causes a reduction of reverse transcriptase activity accounting for its anti-HIV action (Kalvatchev), antiprotozoal and antispamodic (plant); antibacterial (essential oil and flower); reduces fever, diaphoretic, antiemetic and carminative; stimulant, bitter, tonic, sudorific, febrifuge, carminative, anti-emetic and anthelmintic (florets).