Carminative, stimulant, antibacterial and inhibits tumor growth (leaf); anthelmintic, respiratory and cardiac depressant, alleviates spasms and antiseptic (essential oil); contraceptive (root); aphrodisiac and astringent.

Kills mosquito larvae, anthelmintic and antiviral (essential oil); antibacterial (seed); antiasthmatic, irritant, carminative, sedative, diuretic and antidysenteric (fruit)

Carminative (fruit), stimulant, diuretic, lowers blood pressure and reduces fever (root), analgesic (root and fruit), antimicrobial (essential oil), hypoglycemic and induces spasms (plant) antitubercular and hematinic.

Diuretic, stimulant, carminative, antifungal, antibacterial, kills certain larvae and tapeworms and stimulates the secretion of gastric juices (fruit); lowers blood pressure (leaf), abortifacient, antiinflammatory and rubefacient.

Stimulant, carminative, tonic and for postpartum women (fruit); antihypertensive and relaxes muscles (plant); antifungal (stem); colic (root)

Expectorant (whole plant); carminative and diuretic (root)

Expectorant; carminative (oil)

Analgesic, antitussive, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, odontalgic, sedative and stimulant (resin).

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiphlogistic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, expectorant, haemolytic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (roots).

As a carminative (leaves); anti-influenza (leaf juice); pectoral and vulnerary (plant)

Acts as a counter-irritant and abortifacient (roots); vesicant (root-bark); emmenagogue, stomachic and carminative (dried roots).

Antiperiodic, stimulant, sudorific, stomachic, carminative, astringent, anthelmintic, laxative, expectorant, tonic, alterative, abortifacient, and alexipharmic.

Diuretic, carminative, stimulant (aerial parts); emmenagogue (leaves); antiseptic and aphrodisiac (oil).

Carminative, diuretic and anticancer (plant); anticephalalgic and antiasthmatic (leaf).

Stimulant, hemostatic, sedative, diuretic, styptic, emmenagogue and lithontriptic (plant); antiovulatory, stimulant, diuretic, carminative, tonic and anthelmintic and antifertility (root); anti-inflammatory, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, styptic, antibiotic and cytotoxic (leaf); carminative, diuretic and stimulant (seed)

Carminative (leaf), antifungal and antibacterial (essential leaf oil), kills roaches (seed oil), insects (seed and leaf) and nematodes (leaf).

The leaves are carminative and said to have a galactagogue property.

Diuretic (leaves); carminative (infusion of leaves); febrifuge (decoction of leaves or flowers); parasiticide (decoction of the shoot); sudorific, carminative and pectoral (decoction of the roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit).

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

Aperient, carminative, demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, lenitive and ophthalmic (kernels)