Abortifacient, analgesic, anesthetic, anthelminthic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiseptic, cardiodepressant, cardiotonic, gastrostimulant, hypotensive, oxytocic, stimulant, teratogenic, tonic, uterotonic.

Stomachic, coolant, and anthelmintic (ripe fruit); antiinflammatory (plant)

Rhizome is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling, purgative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge, expectorant, tonicanthelmintic, antiinflammatory, stimulant, antifertility and anticholinesterase activity; alleviates spasms and lowers blood pressure (seed); astringent (root).

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Antiinflammatory, alterative, antipyretic, aperitif, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, contraceptive, demulcent, hepatotonic, laxative, litholytic, natriuretic, rubefacient, sedative, tonic (bark)

Antiinflammatory

Abortifacient, analgesic, antidote, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carcinogenic, choleretic, emmenagogue, emetic, expectorant, laxative, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Antiinflammatory (plant); expectorant and aphrodisiac (plant decoction).

Diuretic, antiinflammatory and depresses the central nervous system (50% EtOH plant extract); laxative (seed); nauseant, emetic, emollient and diaphoretic (bulb)

Antiinflammatory (plant and seed); antispasmodic (seed); depresses the central nervous system (50% EtOH aerial part extract).

Antiherpetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiradicular, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, cytotoxic, hemostat and vulnerary.

Weakly antiseptic, stimulant, carminative, antiinflammatory, balsamic, diuretic, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, neutralizes acid accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract and reduces fever.

As antiviral and antiinflammatory (rhizome); galactagogue (decoction of rhizome)

Stimulates liver cell regeneration and the flow of bile, prevents gall stones, purifies the body, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and helps eliminate side effects due to antibiotics and sulfonamides. Anticholesterolemic, antirheumatic, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, hypoglycaemic and lithontripic (leaves)

Anti-inflammatory (pounded rhizome); diuretic (decoction of whole plant); decongestant, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial (whole plant).

Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juices, stimulant and diaphoretic (tuber); antipyretic and antiinflammatory (rhizome oil)analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, contraceptive, emmenagogue, lithontripic, sedative, antierysipelas, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge.

The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic; alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system (fruit and plant); anthelmintic, anticancer, antiseptic, sedative and narcotic (plant); antiinflammatory and analgesic.

Analgesic and antiinflammatory (root), Astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, expectorant, laxative, nervine, tonic.

Antiinflammatory (50% EtOH rhizome extract).

Antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchospasmolytic, cytostatic, immunostimulant and secretolytic (plant)