Alterative, antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, rubefacient, stimulant and tonic (whole plant); rubefacient (fresh leaves)

Antibacterial, antiseptic, wound healer, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge

Analgesic, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antiviral, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, tonic (root)

Abortifacient, analgesic, anesthetic, anthelminthic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiseptic, cardiodepressant, cardiotonic, gastrostimulant, hypotensive, oxytocic, stimulant, teratogenic, tonic, uterotonic.

Stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part); stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part and essential plant oil); sedative (in hysteria), antibacterial, carminative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, rubefacient, expectorant and aphrodisiac (essential plant oil).

Antibacterial, antifungal, aphrodisiac, carminative, digestive tonic, diuretic, and stimulant.

Carminative and stomachic and stimulates the secretion of gastric juices (peel); antibacterial and reduces fever (juice); rubefacient and stimulant (oil); repels insects (peel).

Diuretic, antibacterial and antiphlogistic (roots); antiseptic (decoction of roots); diuretic and antiblenorrhagic (leaves)

Antibacterial, adntiscorbutic, aperient, disinfectant, depurative, discutient, diuretic, rubefacient, stomachic and stimulant (plant)

Antibacterial (plant); diuretic, antipyretic (leaves)

Depurative, diuretic and febrifuge (leaves); antibacterial (plant extract); diuretic (aerial parts).

Antibacterial and antifungal (plant)

Strong antiseptic and expectorant (resin); antibacterial, carminative, diuretic, emetic, laxative, hydragogue, stimulant and urinary antiseptic.

Analgesic, locally anaesthetic, antibacterial, antidote, antipyretic, bitter, blood tonic, carminative, cholagogue, digestive, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (root).

Antibacterial, antifungal, hypotensive, antitumor, astringent, diuretic, hepatic and tonic (fruit); astringent, antimalarial and tonic (stem bark); antibacterial, diuretic, hypotensive and a urinary antiseptic (plant)

Antibacterial, antifungal, hypotensive, antitumor, astringent, diuretic, hepatic and tonic (fruit); astringent, antimalarial and tonic (stem bark); antibacterial, diuretic, hypotensive and a urinary antiseptic (plant).

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, cardiotonic, hypotensive, stomachic, vasodilator (fruit); alterative, antiscorbutic, deobstruent, laxative, stimulant and stomachic (dried fruit)

Antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, galactogogue, poultice, stimulant and stomachic.

Antidepressant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, aphrodisiac, calmative, stimulant (immune system), tonic (uterine).

Oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties; antimicrobial, analgesic, antipyretic and depresses the central nervous system (essential plant oil); antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cyanogenetic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, preventative (cold), stimulant and insecticidal.