Aperient, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, stimulant, tonic, increases nerve strength (fruit); anticonvulsant, tranquillizing and antifungal (essential seed oil); potent aphrodisiac (seed); antigalactogogue, antiseptic.

Acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anodyne (whole plant); acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Alterative, antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic; antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antitussive and expectorant (fruit and capsule); anodyne and anti-inflammatory (root)

Antibacterial and antifungal (essential leaf oil); analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility, antiseptic, antispasmodic, stimulant, carminative, promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, deobstruent (of bowel), diuretic, reduces fever, narcotic.

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge. antifungal (essential plant oil); contraceptive (plant); hepatoprotective (methanol extract).

Antilithic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stomachic, antiseptic, tonic, larvicidal. insecticidal. antimicrobial and antifungal (essential plant oil); purifies blood (flower and stem); anthelmintic (flower and leaf decoction).

Anticancer, alleviates spasms and antiarrythmic (aerial part); aphrodisiac, hypothermic and galactogenic (root); antibacterial and antifungal (bark); antioxytocic and diuretic (plant); antiallergic (root extract).

Antibacterial, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (root); anticancer, anticholinergic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cardioactive, fungicide, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, laxative, tonic, uterorelaxant.

Laxative (fruit); hypothermic, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous and cardiovascular systems (stem bark); kills certain molluscs (plant); antifungal (oil); expectorant (seed).

Analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, depurative, expectorant, febrifuge, pectoral, purgative, stomachic and tonic (root)

Carminative and diuretic (plant); insecticidal (against Earias vittella adults)(essential leaf oil); antibacterial and antifungal (oil)

Antifungal, antimicrobial and repels insects (essential leaf oil); astringent (root); astringent, diuretic, and febrifugal (leaf juice)

Antifungal, antibacterial and stimulates the central nervous system.

Antidiabetic, cardiotonic, stomachic, antifungal, antiulcerative, antiasthmatic and alleviates symptoms of rheumatism (leaf); increaseses secretion of gastric juices (leaf and seed); antihelmintic, diuretic, laxative and stomachic (seeds).

Antiviral and antifungal (50% EtOH root and stem extract); rubefacient (bark)

Amyolytic, antiaggregant, antiallergic, antiherpetic, antihistaminic, antiinflammatory, antimetabolic, antioxidant, antiviral, fungicide, hemolytic, hypocholesterolemic, mitogenic, hypotensive

Analgesic, bitter, antirheumatic and diuretic (root bark); antibacterial, fungicidal and anticystic (plant juice and volatile portion of plant); anthelmintic (root); mild laxative and expectorant; acrid and astringent (dried flower bud)

Antigonorrheic (bark); alleviates spasms, carminative (leaf); antidiabetic and antifungal (essential oil).

Antibacterial, antifungal, aphrodisiac, carminative, digestive tonic, diuretic, and stimulant.