Tracheitis is the inflammation and infection of the trachea (windpipe). The most common cause is a bacterial infection of the trachea and such condition is known as bacterial tracheitis. Other conditions which cause tracheitis include viral infections, although irritants like chlorine gas, sulfur dioxide, and dense smoke can injure the lining of the trachea and increase the likelihood of infections. Tracheitis affects mostly young children, possibly because their small trachea is easily blocked by swelling. The child usually has a high fever and looks very ill, accompanied by cough and difficulty breathing. Tracheitis is an emergency medical condition since the child may require artificial ventilation.

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